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Immunotherapy Responsive Autoimmune Subacute Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases

Objective. To describe the clinical characteristics and radiological findings in two patients with subacute encephalitis associated with elevated serum voltage-gated potassium channel antibody (VGKCAb) and antithyroperoxidase (TPO) antibody. Case Reports. Case 1: 63-year-old woman was admitted for a...

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Autores principales: Mittal, Manoj, Hammond, Nancy, G. Lynch, Sharon
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2843900/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339472
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/837371
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author Mittal, Manoj
Hammond, Nancy
G. Lynch, Sharon
author_facet Mittal, Manoj
Hammond, Nancy
G. Lynch, Sharon
author_sort Mittal, Manoj
collection PubMed
description Objective. To describe the clinical characteristics and radiological findings in two patients with subacute encephalitis associated with elevated serum voltage-gated potassium channel antibody (VGKCAb) and antithyroperoxidase (TPO) antibody. Case Reports. Case 1: 63-year-old woman was admitted for altered mental status and possible seizure activity. MRI brain showed hyperintensity in the bilateral hippocampal areas. She was positive for VGKCAb and anti-TPO antibodies. She was treated with steroids, IVIG, plasma exchange and azathioprine. After 8 months, she had marked improvement in her memory and seizures. Case 2: 61-year-old woman was admitted for video EEG monitoring of unclassified seizure and cognitive function decline. MRI of the brain showed mild hyperintensity in bilateral hippocampal areas and significant atrophy in the frontotemporal lesion. Anti-TPO antibody and VGKCAb were positive. She was treated with steroids, plasma exchange and azathioprine. After 9 months, she had marked improvement in her memory and seizures. Conclusion. Autoimmune subacute encephalitis appears to be an underdiagnosed entity. It is important to screen patients with subacute encephalitis for anti-TPO antibody and VGKCAb, particularly in the presence of seizures. Immunosuppressive therapy appears to be effective in treating this entity.
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spelling pubmed-28439002010-03-25 Immunotherapy Responsive Autoimmune Subacute Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases Mittal, Manoj Hammond, Nancy G. Lynch, Sharon Case Rep Med Case Report Objective. To describe the clinical characteristics and radiological findings in two patients with subacute encephalitis associated with elevated serum voltage-gated potassium channel antibody (VGKCAb) and antithyroperoxidase (TPO) antibody. Case Reports. Case 1: 63-year-old woman was admitted for altered mental status and possible seizure activity. MRI brain showed hyperintensity in the bilateral hippocampal areas. She was positive for VGKCAb and anti-TPO antibodies. She was treated with steroids, IVIG, plasma exchange and azathioprine. After 8 months, she had marked improvement in her memory and seizures. Case 2: 61-year-old woman was admitted for video EEG monitoring of unclassified seizure and cognitive function decline. MRI of the brain showed mild hyperintensity in bilateral hippocampal areas and significant atrophy in the frontotemporal lesion. Anti-TPO antibody and VGKCAb were positive. She was treated with steroids, plasma exchange and azathioprine. After 9 months, she had marked improvement in her memory and seizures. Conclusion. Autoimmune subacute encephalitis appears to be an underdiagnosed entity. It is important to screen patients with subacute encephalitis for anti-TPO antibody and VGKCAb, particularly in the presence of seizures. Immunosuppressive therapy appears to be effective in treating this entity. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2010 2010-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC2843900/ /pubmed/20339472 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/837371 Text en Copyright © 2010 Manoj Mittal et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Case Report
Mittal, Manoj
Hammond, Nancy
G. Lynch, Sharon
Immunotherapy Responsive Autoimmune Subacute Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases
title Immunotherapy Responsive Autoimmune Subacute Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases
title_full Immunotherapy Responsive Autoimmune Subacute Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases
title_fullStr Immunotherapy Responsive Autoimmune Subacute Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases
title_full_unstemmed Immunotherapy Responsive Autoimmune Subacute Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases
title_short Immunotherapy Responsive Autoimmune Subacute Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases
title_sort immunotherapy responsive autoimmune subacute encephalitis: a report of two cases
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2843900/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339472
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/837371
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