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Access to cellulose limits the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis: the role of amorphogenesis

The efficient enzymatic saccharification of cellulose at low cellulase (protein) loadings continues to be a challenge for commercialization of a process for bioconversion of lignocellulose to ethanol. Currently, effective pretreatment followed by high enzyme loading is needed to overcome several sub...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Arantes, Valdeir, Saddler, Jack N
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2844368/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20178562
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-3-4
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author Arantes, Valdeir
Saddler, Jack N
author_facet Arantes, Valdeir
Saddler, Jack N
author_sort Arantes, Valdeir
collection PubMed
description The efficient enzymatic saccharification of cellulose at low cellulase (protein) loadings continues to be a challenge for commercialization of a process for bioconversion of lignocellulose to ethanol. Currently, effective pretreatment followed by high enzyme loading is needed to overcome several substrate and enzyme factors that limit rapid and complete hydrolysis of the cellulosic fraction of biomass substrates. One of the major barriers faced by cellulase enzymes is their limited access to much of the cellulose that is buried within the highly ordered and tightly packed fibrillar architecture of the cellulose microfibrils. Rather than a sequential 'shaving' or 'planing' of the cellulose fibrils from the outside, it has been suggested that these inaccessible regions are disrupted or loosened by non-hydrolytic proteins, thereby increasing the cellulose surface area and making it more accessible to the cellulase enzyme complex. This initial stage in enzymatic saccharification of cellulose has been termed amorphogenesis. In this review, we describe the various amorphogenesis-inducing agents that have been suggested, and their possible role in enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose.
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spelling pubmed-28443682010-03-24 Access to cellulose limits the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis: the role of amorphogenesis Arantes, Valdeir Saddler, Jack N Biotechnol Biofuels Review The efficient enzymatic saccharification of cellulose at low cellulase (protein) loadings continues to be a challenge for commercialization of a process for bioconversion of lignocellulose to ethanol. Currently, effective pretreatment followed by high enzyme loading is needed to overcome several substrate and enzyme factors that limit rapid and complete hydrolysis of the cellulosic fraction of biomass substrates. One of the major barriers faced by cellulase enzymes is their limited access to much of the cellulose that is buried within the highly ordered and tightly packed fibrillar architecture of the cellulose microfibrils. Rather than a sequential 'shaving' or 'planing' of the cellulose fibrils from the outside, it has been suggested that these inaccessible regions are disrupted or loosened by non-hydrolytic proteins, thereby increasing the cellulose surface area and making it more accessible to the cellulase enzyme complex. This initial stage in enzymatic saccharification of cellulose has been termed amorphogenesis. In this review, we describe the various amorphogenesis-inducing agents that have been suggested, and their possible role in enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. BioMed Central 2010-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC2844368/ /pubmed/20178562 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-3-4 Text en Copyright ©2010 Arantes and Saddler; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Arantes, Valdeir
Saddler, Jack N
Access to cellulose limits the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis: the role of amorphogenesis
title Access to cellulose limits the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis: the role of amorphogenesis
title_full Access to cellulose limits the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis: the role of amorphogenesis
title_fullStr Access to cellulose limits the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis: the role of amorphogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Access to cellulose limits the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis: the role of amorphogenesis
title_short Access to cellulose limits the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis: the role of amorphogenesis
title_sort access to cellulose limits the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis: the role of amorphogenesis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2844368/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20178562
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-3-4
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