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The use of a geographic information system to identify a dairy goat farm as the most likely source of an urban Q-fever outbreak

BACKGROUND: A Q-fever outbreak occurred in an urban area in the south of the Netherlands in May 2008. The distribution and timing of cases suggested a common source. We studied the spatial relationship between the residence locations of human cases and nearby small ruminant farms, of which one dairy...

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Autores principales: Schimmer, Barbara, ter Schegget, Ronald, Wegdam, Marjolijn, Züchner, Lothar, de Bruin, Arnout, Schneeberger, Peter M, Veenstra, Thijs, Vellema, Piet, van der Hoek, Wim
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2848044/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20230650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-69
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author Schimmer, Barbara
ter Schegget, Ronald
Wegdam, Marjolijn
Züchner, Lothar
de Bruin, Arnout
Schneeberger, Peter M
Veenstra, Thijs
Vellema, Piet
van der Hoek, Wim
author_facet Schimmer, Barbara
ter Schegget, Ronald
Wegdam, Marjolijn
Züchner, Lothar
de Bruin, Arnout
Schneeberger, Peter M
Veenstra, Thijs
Vellema, Piet
van der Hoek, Wim
author_sort Schimmer, Barbara
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: A Q-fever outbreak occurred in an urban area in the south of the Netherlands in May 2008. The distribution and timing of cases suggested a common source. We studied the spatial relationship between the residence locations of human cases and nearby small ruminant farms, of which one dairy goat farm had experienced abortions due to Q-fever since mid April 2008. A generic geographic information system (GIS) was used to develop a method for source detection in the still evolving major epidemic of Q-fever in the Netherlands. METHODS: All notified Q-fever cases in the area were interviewed. Postal codes of cases and of small ruminant farms (size >40 animals) located within 5 kilometres of the cluster area were geo-referenced as point locations in a GIS-model. For each farm, attack rates and relative risks were calculated for 5 concentric zones adding 1 kilometre at a time, using the 5-10 kilometres zone as reference. These data were linked to the results of veterinary investigations. RESULTS: Persons living within 2 kilometres of an affected dairy goat farm (>400 animals) had a much higher risk for Q-fever than those living more than 5 kilometres away (Relative risk 31.1 [95% CI 16.4-59.1]). CONCLUSIONS: The study supported the hypothesis that a single dairy goat farm was the source of the human outbreak. GIS-based attack rate analysis is a promising tool for source detection in outbreaks of human Q-fever.
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spelling pubmed-28480442010-04-01 The use of a geographic information system to identify a dairy goat farm as the most likely source of an urban Q-fever outbreak Schimmer, Barbara ter Schegget, Ronald Wegdam, Marjolijn Züchner, Lothar de Bruin, Arnout Schneeberger, Peter M Veenstra, Thijs Vellema, Piet van der Hoek, Wim BMC Infect Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: A Q-fever outbreak occurred in an urban area in the south of the Netherlands in May 2008. The distribution and timing of cases suggested a common source. We studied the spatial relationship between the residence locations of human cases and nearby small ruminant farms, of which one dairy goat farm had experienced abortions due to Q-fever since mid April 2008. A generic geographic information system (GIS) was used to develop a method for source detection in the still evolving major epidemic of Q-fever in the Netherlands. METHODS: All notified Q-fever cases in the area were interviewed. Postal codes of cases and of small ruminant farms (size >40 animals) located within 5 kilometres of the cluster area were geo-referenced as point locations in a GIS-model. For each farm, attack rates and relative risks were calculated for 5 concentric zones adding 1 kilometre at a time, using the 5-10 kilometres zone as reference. These data were linked to the results of veterinary investigations. RESULTS: Persons living within 2 kilometres of an affected dairy goat farm (>400 animals) had a much higher risk for Q-fever than those living more than 5 kilometres away (Relative risk 31.1 [95% CI 16.4-59.1]). CONCLUSIONS: The study supported the hypothesis that a single dairy goat farm was the source of the human outbreak. GIS-based attack rate analysis is a promising tool for source detection in outbreaks of human Q-fever. BioMed Central 2010-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC2848044/ /pubmed/20230650 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-69 Text en Copyright ©2010 Schimmer et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Schimmer, Barbara
ter Schegget, Ronald
Wegdam, Marjolijn
Züchner, Lothar
de Bruin, Arnout
Schneeberger, Peter M
Veenstra, Thijs
Vellema, Piet
van der Hoek, Wim
The use of a geographic information system to identify a dairy goat farm as the most likely source of an urban Q-fever outbreak
title The use of a geographic information system to identify a dairy goat farm as the most likely source of an urban Q-fever outbreak
title_full The use of a geographic information system to identify a dairy goat farm as the most likely source of an urban Q-fever outbreak
title_fullStr The use of a geographic information system to identify a dairy goat farm as the most likely source of an urban Q-fever outbreak
title_full_unstemmed The use of a geographic information system to identify a dairy goat farm as the most likely source of an urban Q-fever outbreak
title_short The use of a geographic information system to identify a dairy goat farm as the most likely source of an urban Q-fever outbreak
title_sort use of a geographic information system to identify a dairy goat farm as the most likely source of an urban q-fever outbreak
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2848044/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20230650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-69
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