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An analysis of risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of Guangdong Province, China: a case-control study
BACKGROUND: Drowning is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for children, yet non-fatal drowning remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore potential modifiable risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2010
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851686/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334694 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-156 |
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author | Ma, Wen Jun Nie, Shao Ping Xu, Hao Feng Xu, Yan Jun Song, Xiu Ling Guo, Qiao Zhi Zhang, Yu Run |
author_facet | Ma, Wen Jun Nie, Shao Ping Xu, Hao Feng Xu, Yan Jun Song, Xiu Ling Guo, Qiao Zhi Zhang, Yu Run |
author_sort | Ma, Wen Jun |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Drowning is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for children, yet non-fatal drowning remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore potential modifiable risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was first conducted to obtain non-fatal drowning cases, and 7432 students in grades three to eight from 17 schools participated in the cross sectional survey. Of these, 805 students reported that they experienced non-fatal drowning in the previous year. Then 368 cases were selected randomly to participate in a 1:1 matched case-control study. Each drowning case was matched by one control with the same sex and similar age (the gap less than 2 years) who was selected randomly from the same class. RESULTS: Boys were more likely to be involved in non-fatal drowning. Non-fatal drowning most often happened in the afternoon (65.1%) and natural bodies of water were the most common sites of drowning (71.1%). Swimming, diving and playing in natural waters were the leading activities that preceded non-fatal drowning. The significant risk factors for non-fatal drowning were swimming in natural waters without adult supervision (OR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.92-6.03), playing in or beside natural waters (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.17-3.70) and poor swimming skills (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.14-6.62). However, the following variables were protective factors: supervisor aged 30 years or over (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.09-0.49) and no water activities (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.18-0.70). CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in dangerous water activities, swimming training and enhancement in supervision among children might decrease the risk of non-fatal drowning. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2851686 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2010 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-28516862010-04-09 An analysis of risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of Guangdong Province, China: a case-control study Ma, Wen Jun Nie, Shao Ping Xu, Hao Feng Xu, Yan Jun Song, Xiu Ling Guo, Qiao Zhi Zhang, Yu Run BMC Public Health Research article BACKGROUND: Drowning is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for children, yet non-fatal drowning remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore potential modifiable risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was first conducted to obtain non-fatal drowning cases, and 7432 students in grades three to eight from 17 schools participated in the cross sectional survey. Of these, 805 students reported that they experienced non-fatal drowning in the previous year. Then 368 cases were selected randomly to participate in a 1:1 matched case-control study. Each drowning case was matched by one control with the same sex and similar age (the gap less than 2 years) who was selected randomly from the same class. RESULTS: Boys were more likely to be involved in non-fatal drowning. Non-fatal drowning most often happened in the afternoon (65.1%) and natural bodies of water were the most common sites of drowning (71.1%). Swimming, diving and playing in natural waters were the leading activities that preceded non-fatal drowning. The significant risk factors for non-fatal drowning were swimming in natural waters without adult supervision (OR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.92-6.03), playing in or beside natural waters (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.17-3.70) and poor swimming skills (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.14-6.62). However, the following variables were protective factors: supervisor aged 30 years or over (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.09-0.49) and no water activities (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.18-0.70). CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in dangerous water activities, swimming training and enhancement in supervision among children might decrease the risk of non-fatal drowning. BioMed Central 2010-03-25 /pmc/articles/PMC2851686/ /pubmed/20334694 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-156 Text en Copyright ©2010 Ma et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research article Ma, Wen Jun Nie, Shao Ping Xu, Hao Feng Xu, Yan Jun Song, Xiu Ling Guo, Qiao Zhi Zhang, Yu Run An analysis of risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of Guangdong Province, China: a case-control study |
title | An analysis of risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of Guangdong Province, China: a case-control study |
title_full | An analysis of risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of Guangdong Province, China: a case-control study |
title_fullStr | An analysis of risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of Guangdong Province, China: a case-control study |
title_full_unstemmed | An analysis of risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of Guangdong Province, China: a case-control study |
title_short | An analysis of risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of Guangdong Province, China: a case-control study |
title_sort | analysis of risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of guangdong province, china: a case-control study |
topic | Research article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851686/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334694 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-156 |
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