Current Issues in Migraine Genetics

Migraine often runs in families and is associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Clinical and genetic heterogeneity as well as the influence of environmental factors have hampered the identification of the gene responsible for migraine disorder. Family/twin studies suggest the presence of hereditary susceptibility. Several different types of mutations or association studies with genetic polymorphism in neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines, homocysteine metabolism, mitochondria, or other risk genes in cerebrovascular disorders have been reported. Recently, progress of molecular genetics in familial hemiplegic migraine has provided important insights, a channelopathy, and now extending to a growing list of membrane excitability disorders. Further identification of candidate genes for migraine and exploring the correlation between phenotype and genotype are expected in the future for the understanding of migraine pathophysiology.