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The macrophage in HIV-1 infection: From activation to deactivation?

Macrophages play a crucial role in innate and adaptative immunity in response to microorganisms and are an important cellular target during HIV-1 infection. Recently, the heterogeneity of the macrophage population has been highlighted. Classically activated or type 1 macrophages (M1) induced in part...

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Autores principales: Herbein, Georges, Varin, Audrey
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2859752/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20380696
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-7-33
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author Herbein, Georges
Varin, Audrey
author_facet Herbein, Georges
Varin, Audrey
author_sort Herbein, Georges
collection PubMed
description Macrophages play a crucial role in innate and adaptative immunity in response to microorganisms and are an important cellular target during HIV-1 infection. Recently, the heterogeneity of the macrophage population has been highlighted. Classically activated or type 1 macrophages (M1) induced in particular by IFN-γ display a pro-inflammatory profile. The alternatively activated or type 2 macrophages (M2) induced by Th-2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13 express anti-inflammatory and tissue repair properties. Finally IL-10 has been described as the prototypic cytokine involved in the deactivation of macrophages (dM). Since the capacity of macrophages to support productive HIV-1 infection is known to be modulated by cytokines, this review shows how modulation of macrophage activation by cytokines impacts the capacity to support productive HIV-1 infection. Based on the activation status of macrophages we propose a model starting with M1 classically activated macrophages with accelerated formation of viral reservoirs in a context of Th1 and proinflammatory cytokines. Then IL-4/IL-13 alternatively activated M2 macrophages will enter into the game that will stop the expansion of the HIV-1 reservoir. Finally IL-10 deactivation of macrophages will lead to immune failure observed at the very late stages of the HIV-1 disease.
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spelling pubmed-28597522010-04-27 The macrophage in HIV-1 infection: From activation to deactivation? Herbein, Georges Varin, Audrey Retrovirology Review Macrophages play a crucial role in innate and adaptative immunity in response to microorganisms and are an important cellular target during HIV-1 infection. Recently, the heterogeneity of the macrophage population has been highlighted. Classically activated or type 1 macrophages (M1) induced in particular by IFN-γ display a pro-inflammatory profile. The alternatively activated or type 2 macrophages (M2) induced by Th-2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13 express anti-inflammatory and tissue repair properties. Finally IL-10 has been described as the prototypic cytokine involved in the deactivation of macrophages (dM). Since the capacity of macrophages to support productive HIV-1 infection is known to be modulated by cytokines, this review shows how modulation of macrophage activation by cytokines impacts the capacity to support productive HIV-1 infection. Based on the activation status of macrophages we propose a model starting with M1 classically activated macrophages with accelerated formation of viral reservoirs in a context of Th1 and proinflammatory cytokines. Then IL-4/IL-13 alternatively activated M2 macrophages will enter into the game that will stop the expansion of the HIV-1 reservoir. Finally IL-10 deactivation of macrophages will lead to immune failure observed at the very late stages of the HIV-1 disease. BioMed Central 2010-04-09 /pmc/articles/PMC2859752/ /pubmed/20380696 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-7-33 Text en Copyright ©2010 Herbein and Varin; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Herbein, Georges
Varin, Audrey
The macrophage in HIV-1 infection: From activation to deactivation?
title The macrophage in HIV-1 infection: From activation to deactivation?
title_full The macrophage in HIV-1 infection: From activation to deactivation?
title_fullStr The macrophage in HIV-1 infection: From activation to deactivation?
title_full_unstemmed The macrophage in HIV-1 infection: From activation to deactivation?
title_short The macrophage in HIV-1 infection: From activation to deactivation?
title_sort macrophage in hiv-1 infection: from activation to deactivation?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2859752/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20380696
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-7-33
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