Cargando…

Economic Activity and Trends in Ambient Air Pollution

BACKGROUND: One challenge in assessing the health effects of human exposure to air pollution in epidemiologic studies is the lack of widespread historical air pollutant monitoring data with which to characterize past exposure levels. OBJECTIVES: Given the availability of long-term economic data, we...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Davis, Mary E., Laden, Francine, Hart, Jaime E., Garshick, Eric, Smith, Thomas J.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866675/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056563
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901145
_version_ 1782180938612998144
author Davis, Mary E.
Laden, Francine
Hart, Jaime E.
Garshick, Eric
Smith, Thomas J.
author_facet Davis, Mary E.
Laden, Francine
Hart, Jaime E.
Garshick, Eric
Smith, Thomas J.
author_sort Davis, Mary E.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: One challenge in assessing the health effects of human exposure to air pollution in epidemiologic studies is the lack of widespread historical air pollutant monitoring data with which to characterize past exposure levels. OBJECTIVES: Given the availability of long-term economic data, we relate economic activity levels to patterns in vehicle-related particulate matter (PM) over a 30-year period in New Jersey, USA, to provide insight into potential historical surrogate markers of air pollution. METHODS: We used statewide unemployment and county-level trucking industry characteristics to estimate historical coefficient of haze (COH), a marker of vehicle-related PM predominantly from diesel exhaust. A total of 5,920 observations were included across 25 different locations in New Jersey between 1971 and 2003. RESULTS: A mixed-modeling approach was employed to estimate the impact of economic indicators on measured COH. The model explained approximately 50% of the variability in COH as estimated by the overall R(2) value. Peaks and lows in unemployment tracked negatively with similar extremes in COH, whereas employment in the trucking industry was positively associated with COH. Federal air quality regulations also played a large and significant role in reducing COH levels over the study period. CONCLUSIONS: This new approach outlines an alternative method to reconstruct historical exposures that may greatly aid epidemiologic research on specific causes of health effects from urban air pollution. Economic activity data provide a potential surrogate marker of changes in exposure levels over time in the absence of direct monitoring data for chronic disease studies, but more research in this area is needed.
format Text
id pubmed-2866675
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2010
publisher National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-28666752010-05-26 Economic Activity and Trends in Ambient Air Pollution Davis, Mary E. Laden, Francine Hart, Jaime E. Garshick, Eric Smith, Thomas J. Environ Health Perspect Research BACKGROUND: One challenge in assessing the health effects of human exposure to air pollution in epidemiologic studies is the lack of widespread historical air pollutant monitoring data with which to characterize past exposure levels. OBJECTIVES: Given the availability of long-term economic data, we relate economic activity levels to patterns in vehicle-related particulate matter (PM) over a 30-year period in New Jersey, USA, to provide insight into potential historical surrogate markers of air pollution. METHODS: We used statewide unemployment and county-level trucking industry characteristics to estimate historical coefficient of haze (COH), a marker of vehicle-related PM predominantly from diesel exhaust. A total of 5,920 observations were included across 25 different locations in New Jersey between 1971 and 2003. RESULTS: A mixed-modeling approach was employed to estimate the impact of economic indicators on measured COH. The model explained approximately 50% of the variability in COH as estimated by the overall R(2) value. Peaks and lows in unemployment tracked negatively with similar extremes in COH, whereas employment in the trucking industry was positively associated with COH. Federal air quality regulations also played a large and significant role in reducing COH levels over the study period. CONCLUSIONS: This new approach outlines an alternative method to reconstruct historical exposures that may greatly aid epidemiologic research on specific causes of health effects from urban air pollution. Economic activity data provide a potential surrogate marker of changes in exposure levels over time in the absence of direct monitoring data for chronic disease studies, but more research in this area is needed. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2010-05 2010-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC2866675/ /pubmed/20056563 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901145 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright.
spellingShingle Research
Davis, Mary E.
Laden, Francine
Hart, Jaime E.
Garshick, Eric
Smith, Thomas J.
Economic Activity and Trends in Ambient Air Pollution
title Economic Activity and Trends in Ambient Air Pollution
title_full Economic Activity and Trends in Ambient Air Pollution
title_fullStr Economic Activity and Trends in Ambient Air Pollution
title_full_unstemmed Economic Activity and Trends in Ambient Air Pollution
title_short Economic Activity and Trends in Ambient Air Pollution
title_sort economic activity and trends in ambient air pollution
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866675/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056563
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901145
work_keys_str_mv AT davismarye economicactivityandtrendsinambientairpollution
AT ladenfrancine economicactivityandtrendsinambientairpollution
AT hartjaimee economicactivityandtrendsinambientairpollution
AT garshickeric economicactivityandtrendsinambientairpollution
AT smiththomasj economicactivityandtrendsinambientairpollution