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Co-infection and localization of secondary symbionts in two whitefly species

BACKGROUND: Whiteflies are cosmopolitan phloem-feeding pests that cause serious damage to many crops worldwide due to direct feeding and vectoring of many plant viruses. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) are two of th...

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Autores principales: Skaljac, Marisa, Zanic, Katja, Ban, Smiljana Goreta, Kontsedalov, Svetlana, Ghanim, Murad
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2877686/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20462452
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-10-142
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author Skaljac, Marisa
Zanic, Katja
Ban, Smiljana Goreta
Kontsedalov, Svetlana
Ghanim, Murad
author_facet Skaljac, Marisa
Zanic, Katja
Ban, Smiljana Goreta
Kontsedalov, Svetlana
Ghanim, Murad
author_sort Skaljac, Marisa
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Whiteflies are cosmopolitan phloem-feeding pests that cause serious damage to many crops worldwide due to direct feeding and vectoring of many plant viruses. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) are two of the most widespread and damaging whitefly species. To complete their unbalanced diet, whiteflies harbor the obligatory bacterium Portiera aleyrodidarum. B. tabaci further harbors a diverse array of secondary symbionts, including Hamiltonella, Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Wolbachia, Rickettsia and Fritschea. T. vaporariorum is only known to harbor P. aleyrodidarum and Arsenophonus. We conducted a study to survey the distribution of whitefly species in Croatia, their infection status by secondary symbionts, and the spatial distribution of these symbionts in the developmental stages of the two whitefly species. RESULTS: T. vaporariorum was found to be the predominant whitefly species across Croatia, while only the Q biotype of B. tabaci was found across the coastal part of the country. Arsenophonus and Hamiltonella were detected in collected T. vaporariorum populations, however, not all populations harbored both symbionts, and both symbionts showed 100% infection rate in some of the populations. Only the Q biotype of B. tabaci was found in the populations tested and they harbored Hamiltonella, Rickettsia, Wolbachia and Cardinium, while Arsenophonus and Fritschea were not detected in any B. tabaci populations. None of the detected symbionts appeared in all populations tested, and multiple infections were detected in some of the populations. All endosymbionts tested were localized inside the bacteriocyte in both species, but only Rickettsia and Cardinium in B. tabaci showed additional localization outside the bacteriocyte. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed unique co-infection patterns by secondary symbionts in B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. Co-sharing of the bacteriocyte by the primary and different secondary symbionts is maintained through vertical transmission via the egg, and is unique to whiteflies. This system provides opportunities to study interactions among symbionts that co-inhabit the same cell in the same host: these can be cooperative or antagonistic, may affect the symbiotic contents over time, and may also affect the host by competing with the primary symbiont for space and resources.
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spelling pubmed-28776862010-05-27 Co-infection and localization of secondary symbionts in two whitefly species Skaljac, Marisa Zanic, Katja Ban, Smiljana Goreta Kontsedalov, Svetlana Ghanim, Murad BMC Microbiol Research article BACKGROUND: Whiteflies are cosmopolitan phloem-feeding pests that cause serious damage to many crops worldwide due to direct feeding and vectoring of many plant viruses. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) are two of the most widespread and damaging whitefly species. To complete their unbalanced diet, whiteflies harbor the obligatory bacterium Portiera aleyrodidarum. B. tabaci further harbors a diverse array of secondary symbionts, including Hamiltonella, Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Wolbachia, Rickettsia and Fritschea. T. vaporariorum is only known to harbor P. aleyrodidarum and Arsenophonus. We conducted a study to survey the distribution of whitefly species in Croatia, their infection status by secondary symbionts, and the spatial distribution of these symbionts in the developmental stages of the two whitefly species. RESULTS: T. vaporariorum was found to be the predominant whitefly species across Croatia, while only the Q biotype of B. tabaci was found across the coastal part of the country. Arsenophonus and Hamiltonella were detected in collected T. vaporariorum populations, however, not all populations harbored both symbionts, and both symbionts showed 100% infection rate in some of the populations. Only the Q biotype of B. tabaci was found in the populations tested and they harbored Hamiltonella, Rickettsia, Wolbachia and Cardinium, while Arsenophonus and Fritschea were not detected in any B. tabaci populations. None of the detected symbionts appeared in all populations tested, and multiple infections were detected in some of the populations. All endosymbionts tested were localized inside the bacteriocyte in both species, but only Rickettsia and Cardinium in B. tabaci showed additional localization outside the bacteriocyte. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed unique co-infection patterns by secondary symbionts in B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. Co-sharing of the bacteriocyte by the primary and different secondary symbionts is maintained through vertical transmission via the egg, and is unique to whiteflies. This system provides opportunities to study interactions among symbionts that co-inhabit the same cell in the same host: these can be cooperative or antagonistic, may affect the symbiotic contents over time, and may also affect the host by competing with the primary symbiont for space and resources. BioMed Central 2010-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC2877686/ /pubmed/20462452 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-10-142 Text en Copyright ©2010 Skaljac et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research article
Skaljac, Marisa
Zanic, Katja
Ban, Smiljana Goreta
Kontsedalov, Svetlana
Ghanim, Murad
Co-infection and localization of secondary symbionts in two whitefly species
title Co-infection and localization of secondary symbionts in two whitefly species
title_full Co-infection and localization of secondary symbionts in two whitefly species
title_fullStr Co-infection and localization of secondary symbionts in two whitefly species
title_full_unstemmed Co-infection and localization of secondary symbionts in two whitefly species
title_short Co-infection and localization of secondary symbionts in two whitefly species
title_sort co-infection and localization of secondary symbionts in two whitefly species
topic Research article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2877686/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20462452
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-10-142
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