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HIV-1 recombinants with multiple parental strains in low-prevalence, remote regions of Cameroon: Evolutionary relics?

BACKGROUND: The HIV pandemic disseminated globally from Central West Africa, beginning in the second half of the twentieth century. To elucidate the virologic origins of the pandemic, a cross-sectional study was conducted of the genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains in villagers in 14 remote locations...

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Autores principales: Carr, Jean K, Wolfe, Nathan D, Torimiro, Judith N, Tamoufe, Ubald, Mpoudi-Ngole, E, Eyzaguirre, Lindsay, Birx, Deborah L, McCutchan, Francine E, Burke, Donald S
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879232/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20426823
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-7-39
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author Carr, Jean K
Wolfe, Nathan D
Torimiro, Judith N
Tamoufe, Ubald
Mpoudi-Ngole, E
Eyzaguirre, Lindsay
Birx, Deborah L
McCutchan, Francine E
Burke, Donald S
author_facet Carr, Jean K
Wolfe, Nathan D
Torimiro, Judith N
Tamoufe, Ubald
Mpoudi-Ngole, E
Eyzaguirre, Lindsay
Birx, Deborah L
McCutchan, Francine E
Burke, Donald S
author_sort Carr, Jean K
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The HIV pandemic disseminated globally from Central West Africa, beginning in the second half of the twentieth century. To elucidate the virologic origins of the pandemic, a cross-sectional study was conducted of the genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains in villagers in 14 remote locations in Cameroon and in hospitalized and STI patients. DNA extracted from PBMC was PCR amplified from HIV(+) subjects. Partial pol amplicons (N = 164) and nearly full virus genomes (N = 78) were sequenced. Among the 3956 rural villagers studied, the prevalence of HIV infection was 4.9%; among the hospitalized and clinic patients, it was 8.6%. RESULTS: Virus genotypes fell into two distinctive groups. A majority of the genotyped strains (109/164) were the circulating recombinant form (CRF) known to be endemic in West Africa and Central West Africa, CRF02_AG. The second most common genetic form (9/164) was the recently described CRF22_01A1, and the rest were a collection of 4 different subtypes (A2, D, F2, G) and 6 different CRFs (-01, -11, -13, -18, -25, -37). Remarkably, 10.4% of HIV-1 genomes detected (17/164) were heretofore undescribed unique recombinant forms (URF) present in only a single person. Nearly full genome sequencing was completed for 78 of the viruses of interest. HIV genetic diversity was commonplace in rural villages: 12 villages each had at least one newly detected URF, and 9 villages had two or more. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that while CRF02_AG dominated the HIV strains in the rural villages, the remainder of the viruses had tremendous genetic diversity. Between the trans-species transmission of SIV(cpz )and the dispersal of pandemic HIV-1, there was a time when we hypothesize that nascent HIV-1 was spreading, but only to a limited extent, recombining with other local HIV-1, creating a large variety of recombinants. When one of those recombinants began to spread widely (i.e. became epidemic), it was recognized as a subtype. We hypothesize that the viruses in these remote Cameroon villages may represent that pre-epidemic stage of viral evolution.
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spelling pubmed-28792322010-06-02 HIV-1 recombinants with multiple parental strains in low-prevalence, remote regions of Cameroon: Evolutionary relics? Carr, Jean K Wolfe, Nathan D Torimiro, Judith N Tamoufe, Ubald Mpoudi-Ngole, E Eyzaguirre, Lindsay Birx, Deborah L McCutchan, Francine E Burke, Donald S Retrovirology Research BACKGROUND: The HIV pandemic disseminated globally from Central West Africa, beginning in the second half of the twentieth century. To elucidate the virologic origins of the pandemic, a cross-sectional study was conducted of the genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains in villagers in 14 remote locations in Cameroon and in hospitalized and STI patients. DNA extracted from PBMC was PCR amplified from HIV(+) subjects. Partial pol amplicons (N = 164) and nearly full virus genomes (N = 78) were sequenced. Among the 3956 rural villagers studied, the prevalence of HIV infection was 4.9%; among the hospitalized and clinic patients, it was 8.6%. RESULTS: Virus genotypes fell into two distinctive groups. A majority of the genotyped strains (109/164) were the circulating recombinant form (CRF) known to be endemic in West Africa and Central West Africa, CRF02_AG. The second most common genetic form (9/164) was the recently described CRF22_01A1, and the rest were a collection of 4 different subtypes (A2, D, F2, G) and 6 different CRFs (-01, -11, -13, -18, -25, -37). Remarkably, 10.4% of HIV-1 genomes detected (17/164) were heretofore undescribed unique recombinant forms (URF) present in only a single person. Nearly full genome sequencing was completed for 78 of the viruses of interest. HIV genetic diversity was commonplace in rural villages: 12 villages each had at least one newly detected URF, and 9 villages had two or more. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that while CRF02_AG dominated the HIV strains in the rural villages, the remainder of the viruses had tremendous genetic diversity. Between the trans-species transmission of SIV(cpz )and the dispersal of pandemic HIV-1, there was a time when we hypothesize that nascent HIV-1 was spreading, but only to a limited extent, recombining with other local HIV-1, creating a large variety of recombinants. When one of those recombinants began to spread widely (i.e. became epidemic), it was recognized as a subtype. We hypothesize that the viruses in these remote Cameroon villages may represent that pre-epidemic stage of viral evolution. BioMed Central 2010-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC2879232/ /pubmed/20426823 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-7-39 Text en Copyright ©2010 Carr et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research
Carr, Jean K
Wolfe, Nathan D
Torimiro, Judith N
Tamoufe, Ubald
Mpoudi-Ngole, E
Eyzaguirre, Lindsay
Birx, Deborah L
McCutchan, Francine E
Burke, Donald S
HIV-1 recombinants with multiple parental strains in low-prevalence, remote regions of Cameroon: Evolutionary relics?
title HIV-1 recombinants with multiple parental strains in low-prevalence, remote regions of Cameroon: Evolutionary relics?
title_full HIV-1 recombinants with multiple parental strains in low-prevalence, remote regions of Cameroon: Evolutionary relics?
title_fullStr HIV-1 recombinants with multiple parental strains in low-prevalence, remote regions of Cameroon: Evolutionary relics?
title_full_unstemmed HIV-1 recombinants with multiple parental strains in low-prevalence, remote regions of Cameroon: Evolutionary relics?
title_short HIV-1 recombinants with multiple parental strains in low-prevalence, remote regions of Cameroon: Evolutionary relics?
title_sort hiv-1 recombinants with multiple parental strains in low-prevalence, remote regions of cameroon: evolutionary relics?
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879232/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20426823
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-7-39
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