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EGb761 protects motoneurons against avulsion-induced oxidative stress in rats

BACKGROUND: Root avulsion of the brachial plexus causes an oxidative stress reaction in the spinal cord and induces dramatic spinal motoneuron death, while EGb761 is a natural free radical cleaning agent. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of intraperitoneally injected EGb...

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Autores principales: Cheng, Xiao, Liu, Fo-Lin, Zhang, Jun, Wang, Lin-Lin, Li, Fang-lan, Liu, Shu, Zhou, Li-Hua
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2881071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20497551
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-7221-5-12
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author Cheng, Xiao
Liu, Fo-Lin
Zhang, Jun
Wang, Lin-Lin
Li, Fang-lan
Liu, Shu
Zhou, Li-Hua
author_facet Cheng, Xiao
Liu, Fo-Lin
Zhang, Jun
Wang, Lin-Lin
Li, Fang-lan
Liu, Shu
Zhou, Li-Hua
author_sort Cheng, Xiao
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Root avulsion of the brachial plexus causes an oxidative stress reaction in the spinal cord and induces dramatic spinal motoneuron death, while EGb761 is a natural free radical cleaning agent. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of intraperitoneally injected EGb761 against neural damage following brachial root avulsion. METHODS: The effect of EGb761 on avulsion-induced motoneuron injury was studied in 26 total groups of (n) rats, treated as follows. Animals in singular number groups received EGb761(50 mg/kg.d) and those in complex number groups received normal saline solution (i.p.), serving as controls. Groups 1-8 were used for the determination of nitric oxide (NO) levels in the serum and injured spinal cord at the 5 d, 2 w, 4 w, and 6 w time points. Groups 9-16 were used for determination of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels in injured spinal cord at the 5 d, 2 w, 4 w, and 6 w time points. Groups 17-26 were used for determination of the number of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive and surviving motoneurons in injured C7 ventral horn at the 5 d, 2 w, 4 w, 6 w and 8 w time points. RESULTS: Compared to control groups, the EGb761 treatment group not only had significant decreased levels of NO in serum at 2 w and 6 w after avulsion, but also had reduced levels of NO specifically in the spinal cord at 2 w, 4 w and 6 w. The cNOS activity in the spinal cord was also significant decreased at 2 w and 4 w, while the iNOS activity in injured C6-T1 spinal segments was reduced at 2 w, 4 w and 6 w. All together, the percentages of NADPH-d positive motoneurons in an injured C7 segment were down-regulated and the number of surviving motoneurons in injured C7 ventral horn was increased at 2 w, 4 w, 6 w and 8 w in treated versus untreated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Intraperitoneal administration of EGb761 after root avulsion of the brachial plexus exerted protective effects by decreasing the level of NO in spinal cord and serum and the activity of cNOS and iNOS, easing the delayed motoneurons death. EGb761 should be considered in the treatment of brachial plexus nerve injuries.
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spelling pubmed-28810712010-06-05 EGb761 protects motoneurons against avulsion-induced oxidative stress in rats Cheng, Xiao Liu, Fo-Lin Zhang, Jun Wang, Lin-Lin Li, Fang-lan Liu, Shu Zhou, Li-Hua J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj Research Article BACKGROUND: Root avulsion of the brachial plexus causes an oxidative stress reaction in the spinal cord and induces dramatic spinal motoneuron death, while EGb761 is a natural free radical cleaning agent. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of intraperitoneally injected EGb761 against neural damage following brachial root avulsion. METHODS: The effect of EGb761 on avulsion-induced motoneuron injury was studied in 26 total groups of (n) rats, treated as follows. Animals in singular number groups received EGb761(50 mg/kg.d) and those in complex number groups received normal saline solution (i.p.), serving as controls. Groups 1-8 were used for the determination of nitric oxide (NO) levels in the serum and injured spinal cord at the 5 d, 2 w, 4 w, and 6 w time points. Groups 9-16 were used for determination of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels in injured spinal cord at the 5 d, 2 w, 4 w, and 6 w time points. Groups 17-26 were used for determination of the number of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive and surviving motoneurons in injured C7 ventral horn at the 5 d, 2 w, 4 w, 6 w and 8 w time points. RESULTS: Compared to control groups, the EGb761 treatment group not only had significant decreased levels of NO in serum at 2 w and 6 w after avulsion, but also had reduced levels of NO specifically in the spinal cord at 2 w, 4 w and 6 w. The cNOS activity in the spinal cord was also significant decreased at 2 w and 4 w, while the iNOS activity in injured C6-T1 spinal segments was reduced at 2 w, 4 w and 6 w. All together, the percentages of NADPH-d positive motoneurons in an injured C7 segment were down-regulated and the number of surviving motoneurons in injured C7 ventral horn was increased at 2 w, 4 w, 6 w and 8 w in treated versus untreated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Intraperitoneal administration of EGb761 after root avulsion of the brachial plexus exerted protective effects by decreasing the level of NO in spinal cord and serum and the activity of cNOS and iNOS, easing the delayed motoneurons death. EGb761 should be considered in the treatment of brachial plexus nerve injuries. BioMed Central 2010-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC2881071/ /pubmed/20497551 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-7221-5-12 Text en Copyright © 2010 Cheng et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Cheng, Xiao
Liu, Fo-Lin
Zhang, Jun
Wang, Lin-Lin
Li, Fang-lan
Liu, Shu
Zhou, Li-Hua
EGb761 protects motoneurons against avulsion-induced oxidative stress in rats
title EGb761 protects motoneurons against avulsion-induced oxidative stress in rats
title_full EGb761 protects motoneurons against avulsion-induced oxidative stress in rats
title_fullStr EGb761 protects motoneurons against avulsion-induced oxidative stress in rats
title_full_unstemmed EGb761 protects motoneurons against avulsion-induced oxidative stress in rats
title_short EGb761 protects motoneurons against avulsion-induced oxidative stress in rats
title_sort egb761 protects motoneurons against avulsion-induced oxidative stress in rats
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2881071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20497551
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-7221-5-12
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