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Production of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Potential Applications in Medicine

Chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) are homo- or heterooligomers of N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucosamine. CHOS can be produced using chitin or chitosan as a starting material, using enzymatic conversions, chemical methods or combinations thereof. Production of well-defined CHOS-mixtures, or even pure CHOS...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Aam, Berit B., Heggset, Ellinor B., Norberg, Anne Line, Sørlie, Morten, Vårum, Kjell M., Eijsink, Vincent G. H.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Molecular Diversity Preservation International 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885077/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20559485
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md8051482
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author Aam, Berit B.
Heggset, Ellinor B.
Norberg, Anne Line
Sørlie, Morten
Vårum, Kjell M.
Eijsink, Vincent G. H.
author_facet Aam, Berit B.
Heggset, Ellinor B.
Norberg, Anne Line
Sørlie, Morten
Vårum, Kjell M.
Eijsink, Vincent G. H.
author_sort Aam, Berit B.
collection PubMed
description Chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) are homo- or heterooligomers of N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucosamine. CHOS can be produced using chitin or chitosan as a starting material, using enzymatic conversions, chemical methods or combinations thereof. Production of well-defined CHOS-mixtures, or even pure CHOS, is of great interest since these oligosaccharides are thought to have several interesting bioactivities. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these bioactivities is of major importance. However, so far in-depth knowledge on the mode-of-action of CHOS is scarce, one major reason being that most published studies are done with badly characterized heterogeneous mixtures of CHOS. Production of CHOS that are well-defined in terms of length, degree of N-acetylation, and sequence is not straightforward. Here we provide an overview of techniques that may be used to produce and characterize reasonably well-defined CHOS fractions. We also present possible medical applications of CHOS, including tumor growth inhibition and inhibition of T(H)2-induced inflammation in asthma, as well as use as a bone-strengthener in osteoporosis, a vector for gene delivery, an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, an anti-malaria agent, or a hemostatic agent in wound-dressings. By using well-defined CHOS-mixtures it will become possible to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these bioactivities.
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spelling pubmed-28850772010-06-17 Production of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Potential Applications in Medicine Aam, Berit B. Heggset, Ellinor B. Norberg, Anne Line Sørlie, Morten Vårum, Kjell M. Eijsink, Vincent G. H. Mar Drugs Review Chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) are homo- or heterooligomers of N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucosamine. CHOS can be produced using chitin or chitosan as a starting material, using enzymatic conversions, chemical methods or combinations thereof. Production of well-defined CHOS-mixtures, or even pure CHOS, is of great interest since these oligosaccharides are thought to have several interesting bioactivities. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these bioactivities is of major importance. However, so far in-depth knowledge on the mode-of-action of CHOS is scarce, one major reason being that most published studies are done with badly characterized heterogeneous mixtures of CHOS. Production of CHOS that are well-defined in terms of length, degree of N-acetylation, and sequence is not straightforward. Here we provide an overview of techniques that may be used to produce and characterize reasonably well-defined CHOS fractions. We also present possible medical applications of CHOS, including tumor growth inhibition and inhibition of T(H)2-induced inflammation in asthma, as well as use as a bone-strengthener in osteoporosis, a vector for gene delivery, an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, an anti-malaria agent, or a hemostatic agent in wound-dressings. By using well-defined CHOS-mixtures it will become possible to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these bioactivities. Molecular Diversity Preservation International 2010-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC2885077/ /pubmed/20559485 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md8051482 Text en © 2010 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Aam, Berit B.
Heggset, Ellinor B.
Norberg, Anne Line
Sørlie, Morten
Vårum, Kjell M.
Eijsink, Vincent G. H.
Production of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Potential Applications in Medicine
title Production of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Potential Applications in Medicine
title_full Production of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Potential Applications in Medicine
title_fullStr Production of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Potential Applications in Medicine
title_full_unstemmed Production of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Potential Applications in Medicine
title_short Production of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Potential Applications in Medicine
title_sort production of chitooligosaccharides and their potential applications in medicine
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885077/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20559485
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md8051482
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