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The Hybrid BCI
Nowadays, everybody knows what a hybrid car is. A hybrid car normally has two engines to enhance energy efficiency and reduce CO2 output. Similarly, a hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) is composed of two BCIs, or at least one BCI and another system. A hybrid BCI, like any BCI, must fulfill the f...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Research Foundation
2010
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2891647/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20582271 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnpro.2010.00003 |
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author | Pfurtscheller, Gert Allison, Brendan Z. Brunner, Clemens Bauernfeind, Gunther Solis-Escalante, Teodoro Scherer, Reinhold Zander, Thorsten O. Mueller-Putz, Gernot Neuper, Christa Birbaumer, Niels |
author_facet | Pfurtscheller, Gert Allison, Brendan Z. Brunner, Clemens Bauernfeind, Gunther Solis-Escalante, Teodoro Scherer, Reinhold Zander, Thorsten O. Mueller-Putz, Gernot Neuper, Christa Birbaumer, Niels |
author_sort | Pfurtscheller, Gert |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nowadays, everybody knows what a hybrid car is. A hybrid car normally has two engines to enhance energy efficiency and reduce CO2 output. Similarly, a hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) is composed of two BCIs, or at least one BCI and another system. A hybrid BCI, like any BCI, must fulfill the following four criteria: (i) the device must rely on signals recorded directly from the brain; (ii) there must be at least one recordable brain signal that the user can intentionally modulate to effect goal-directed behaviour; (iii) real time processing; and (iv) the user must obtain feedback. This paper introduces hybrid BCIs that have already been published or are in development. We also introduce concepts for future work. We describe BCIs that classify two EEG patterns: one is the event-related (de)synchronisation (ERD, ERS) of sensorimotor rhythms, and the other is the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). Hybrid BCIs can either process their inputs simultaneously, or operate two systems sequentially, where the first system can act as a “brain switch”. For example, we describe a hybrid BCI that simultaneously combines ERD and SSVEP BCIs. We also describe a sequential hybrid BCI, in which subjects could use a brain switch to control an SSVEP-based hand orthosis. Subjects who used this hybrid BCI exhibited about half the false positives encountered while using the SSVEP BCI alone. A brain switch can also rely on hemodynamic changes measured through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Hybrid BCIs can also use one brain signal and a different type of input. This additional input can be an electrophysiological signal such as the heart rate, or a signal from an external device such as an eye tracking system. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2891647 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2010 |
publisher | Frontiers Research Foundation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-28916472010-06-25 The Hybrid BCI Pfurtscheller, Gert Allison, Brendan Z. Brunner, Clemens Bauernfeind, Gunther Solis-Escalante, Teodoro Scherer, Reinhold Zander, Thorsten O. Mueller-Putz, Gernot Neuper, Christa Birbaumer, Niels Front Neurosci Neuroscience Nowadays, everybody knows what a hybrid car is. A hybrid car normally has two engines to enhance energy efficiency and reduce CO2 output. Similarly, a hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) is composed of two BCIs, or at least one BCI and another system. A hybrid BCI, like any BCI, must fulfill the following four criteria: (i) the device must rely on signals recorded directly from the brain; (ii) there must be at least one recordable brain signal that the user can intentionally modulate to effect goal-directed behaviour; (iii) real time processing; and (iv) the user must obtain feedback. This paper introduces hybrid BCIs that have already been published or are in development. We also introduce concepts for future work. We describe BCIs that classify two EEG patterns: one is the event-related (de)synchronisation (ERD, ERS) of sensorimotor rhythms, and the other is the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). Hybrid BCIs can either process their inputs simultaneously, or operate two systems sequentially, where the first system can act as a “brain switch”. For example, we describe a hybrid BCI that simultaneously combines ERD and SSVEP BCIs. We also describe a sequential hybrid BCI, in which subjects could use a brain switch to control an SSVEP-based hand orthosis. Subjects who used this hybrid BCI exhibited about half the false positives encountered while using the SSVEP BCI alone. A brain switch can also rely on hemodynamic changes measured through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Hybrid BCIs can also use one brain signal and a different type of input. This additional input can be an electrophysiological signal such as the heart rate, or a signal from an external device such as an eye tracking system. Frontiers Research Foundation 2010-04-21 /pmc/articles/PMC2891647/ /pubmed/20582271 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnpro.2010.00003 Text en Copyright © 2010 Pfurtscheller, Allison, Brunner, Bauernfeind, Solis-Escalante, Scherer, Zander, Mueller-Putz, Neuper and Birbaumer. http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement This is an open-access article subject to an exclusive license agreement between the authors and the Frontiers Research Foundation, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Pfurtscheller, Gert Allison, Brendan Z. Brunner, Clemens Bauernfeind, Gunther Solis-Escalante, Teodoro Scherer, Reinhold Zander, Thorsten O. Mueller-Putz, Gernot Neuper, Christa Birbaumer, Niels The Hybrid BCI |
title | The Hybrid BCI |
title_full | The Hybrid BCI |
title_fullStr | The Hybrid BCI |
title_full_unstemmed | The Hybrid BCI |
title_short | The Hybrid BCI |
title_sort | hybrid bci |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2891647/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20582271 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnpro.2010.00003 |
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