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Pharmaceutical Formulation Facilities as Sources of Opioids and Other Pharmaceuticals to Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents

Facilities involved in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products are an under-investigated source of pharmaceuticals to the environment. Between 2004 and 2009, 35 to 38 effluent samples were collected from each of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in New York and analyzed for seven pharmace...

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Autores principales: Phillips, Patrick J., Smith, Steven G., Kolpin, D. W., Zaugg, Steven D., Buxton, Herbert T., Furlong, Edward T., Esposito, Kathleen, Stinson, Beverley
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Chemical Society 2010
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2893609/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20521847
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es100356f
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author Phillips, Patrick J.
Smith, Steven G.
Kolpin, D. W.
Zaugg, Steven D.
Buxton, Herbert T.
Furlong, Edward T.
Esposito, Kathleen
Stinson, Beverley
author_facet Phillips, Patrick J.
Smith, Steven G.
Kolpin, D. W.
Zaugg, Steven D.
Buxton, Herbert T.
Furlong, Edward T.
Esposito, Kathleen
Stinson, Beverley
author_sort Phillips, Patrick J.
collection PubMed
description Facilities involved in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products are an under-investigated source of pharmaceuticals to the environment. Between 2004 and 2009, 35 to 38 effluent samples were collected from each of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in New York and analyzed for seven pharmaceuticals including opioids and muscle relaxants. Two WWTPs (NY2 and NY3) receive substantial flows (>20% of plant flow) from pharmaceutical formulation facilities (PFF) and one (NY1) receives no PFF flow. Samples of effluents from 23 WWTPs across the United States were analyzed once for these pharmaceuticals as part of a national survey. Maximum pharmaceutical effluent concentrations for the national survey and NY1 effluent samples were generally <1 μg/L. Four pharmaceuticals (methadone, oxycodone, butalbital, and metaxalone) in samples of NY3 effluent had median concentrations ranging from 3.4 to >400 μg/L. Maximum concentrations of oxycodone (1700 μg/L) and metaxalone (3800 μg/L) in samples from NY3 effluent exceeded 1000 μg/L. Three pharmaceuticals (butalbital, carisoprodol, and oxycodone) in samples of NY2 effluent had median concentrations ranging from 2 to 11 μg/L. These findings suggest that current manufacturing practices at these PFFs can result in pharmaceuticals concentrations from 10 to 1000 times higher than those typically found in WWTP effluents.
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spelling pubmed-28936092010-06-29 Pharmaceutical Formulation Facilities as Sources of Opioids and Other Pharmaceuticals to Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents Phillips, Patrick J. Smith, Steven G. Kolpin, D. W. Zaugg, Steven D. Buxton, Herbert T. Furlong, Edward T. Esposito, Kathleen Stinson, Beverley Environ Sci Technol Facilities involved in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products are an under-investigated source of pharmaceuticals to the environment. Between 2004 and 2009, 35 to 38 effluent samples were collected from each of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in New York and analyzed for seven pharmaceuticals including opioids and muscle relaxants. Two WWTPs (NY2 and NY3) receive substantial flows (>20% of plant flow) from pharmaceutical formulation facilities (PFF) and one (NY1) receives no PFF flow. Samples of effluents from 23 WWTPs across the United States were analyzed once for these pharmaceuticals as part of a national survey. Maximum pharmaceutical effluent concentrations for the national survey and NY1 effluent samples were generally <1 μg/L. Four pharmaceuticals (methadone, oxycodone, butalbital, and metaxalone) in samples of NY3 effluent had median concentrations ranging from 3.4 to >400 μg/L. Maximum concentrations of oxycodone (1700 μg/L) and metaxalone (3800 μg/L) in samples from NY3 effluent exceeded 1000 μg/L. Three pharmaceuticals (butalbital, carisoprodol, and oxycodone) in samples of NY2 effluent had median concentrations ranging from 2 to 11 μg/L. These findings suggest that current manufacturing practices at these PFFs can result in pharmaceuticals concentrations from 10 to 1000 times higher than those typically found in WWTP effluents. American Chemical Society 2010-06-04 2010-07-01 /pmc/articles/PMC2893609/ /pubmed/20521847 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es100356f Text en Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society http://pubs.acs.org This is an open-access article distributed under the ACS AuthorChoice Terms & Conditions. Any use of this article, must conform to the terms of that license which are available at http://pubs.acs.org.
spellingShingle Phillips, Patrick J.
Smith, Steven G.
Kolpin, D. W.
Zaugg, Steven D.
Buxton, Herbert T.
Furlong, Edward T.
Esposito, Kathleen
Stinson, Beverley
Pharmaceutical Formulation Facilities as Sources of Opioids and Other Pharmaceuticals to Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents
title Pharmaceutical Formulation Facilities as Sources of Opioids and Other Pharmaceuticals to Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents
title_full Pharmaceutical Formulation Facilities as Sources of Opioids and Other Pharmaceuticals to Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents
title_fullStr Pharmaceutical Formulation Facilities as Sources of Opioids and Other Pharmaceuticals to Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents
title_full_unstemmed Pharmaceutical Formulation Facilities as Sources of Opioids and Other Pharmaceuticals to Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents
title_short Pharmaceutical Formulation Facilities as Sources of Opioids and Other Pharmaceuticals to Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents
title_sort pharmaceutical formulation facilities as sources of opioids and other pharmaceuticals to wastewater treatment plant effluents
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2893609/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20521847
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es100356f
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