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Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions

The Australasian and South American marsupial mammals, such as kangaroos and opossums, are the closest living relatives to placental mammals, having shared a common ancestor around 130 million years ago. The evolutionary relationships among the seven marsupial orders have, however, so far eluded res...

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Autores principales: Nilsson, Maria A., Churakov, Gennady, Sommer, Mirjam, Tran, Ngoc Van, Zemann, Anja, Brosius, Jürgen, Schmitz, Jürgen
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2910653/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20668664
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436
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author Nilsson, Maria A.
Churakov, Gennady
Sommer, Mirjam
Tran, Ngoc Van
Zemann, Anja
Brosius, Jürgen
Schmitz, Jürgen
author_facet Nilsson, Maria A.
Churakov, Gennady
Sommer, Mirjam
Tran, Ngoc Van
Zemann, Anja
Brosius, Jürgen
Schmitz, Jürgen
author_sort Nilsson, Maria A.
collection PubMed
description The Australasian and South American marsupial mammals, such as kangaroos and opossums, are the closest living relatives to placental mammals, having shared a common ancestor around 130 million years ago. The evolutionary relationships among the seven marsupial orders have, however, so far eluded resolution. In particular, the relationships between the four Australasian and three South American marsupial orders have been intensively debated since the South American order Microbiotheria was taxonomically moved into the group Australidelphia. Australidelphia is significantly supported by both molecular and morphological data and comprises the four Australasian marsupial orders and the South American order Microbiotheria, indicating a complex, ancient, biogeographic history of marsupials. However, the exact phylogenetic position of Microbiotheria within Australidelphia has yet to be resolved using either sequence or morphological data analysis. Here, we provide evidence from newly established and virtually homoplasy-free retroposon insertion markers for the basal relationships among marsupial orders. Fifty-three phylogenetically informative markers were retrieved after in silico and experimental screening of ∼217,000 retroposon-containing loci from opossum and kangaroo. The four Australasian orders share a single origin with Microbiotheria as their closest sister group, supporting a clear divergence between South American and Australasian marsupials. In addition, the new data place the South American opossums (Didelphimorphia) as the first branch of the marsupial tree. The exhaustive computational and experimental evidence provides important insight into the evolution of retroposable elements in the marsupial genome. Placing the retroposon insertion pattern in a paleobiogeographic context indicates a single marsupial migration from South America to Australia. The now firmly established phylogeny can be used to determine the direction of genomic changes and morphological transitions within marsupials.
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spelling pubmed-29106532010-07-28 Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions Nilsson, Maria A. Churakov, Gennady Sommer, Mirjam Tran, Ngoc Van Zemann, Anja Brosius, Jürgen Schmitz, Jürgen PLoS Biol Research Article The Australasian and South American marsupial mammals, such as kangaroos and opossums, are the closest living relatives to placental mammals, having shared a common ancestor around 130 million years ago. The evolutionary relationships among the seven marsupial orders have, however, so far eluded resolution. In particular, the relationships between the four Australasian and three South American marsupial orders have been intensively debated since the South American order Microbiotheria was taxonomically moved into the group Australidelphia. Australidelphia is significantly supported by both molecular and morphological data and comprises the four Australasian marsupial orders and the South American order Microbiotheria, indicating a complex, ancient, biogeographic history of marsupials. However, the exact phylogenetic position of Microbiotheria within Australidelphia has yet to be resolved using either sequence or morphological data analysis. Here, we provide evidence from newly established and virtually homoplasy-free retroposon insertion markers for the basal relationships among marsupial orders. Fifty-three phylogenetically informative markers were retrieved after in silico and experimental screening of ∼217,000 retroposon-containing loci from opossum and kangaroo. The four Australasian orders share a single origin with Microbiotheria as their closest sister group, supporting a clear divergence between South American and Australasian marsupials. In addition, the new data place the South American opossums (Didelphimorphia) as the first branch of the marsupial tree. The exhaustive computational and experimental evidence provides important insight into the evolution of retroposable elements in the marsupial genome. Placing the retroposon insertion pattern in a paleobiogeographic context indicates a single marsupial migration from South America to Australia. The now firmly established phylogeny can be used to determine the direction of genomic changes and morphological transitions within marsupials. Public Library of Science 2010-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC2910653/ /pubmed/20668664 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436 Text en Nilsson et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Nilsson, Maria A.
Churakov, Gennady
Sommer, Mirjam
Tran, Ngoc Van
Zemann, Anja
Brosius, Jürgen
Schmitz, Jürgen
Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions
title Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions
title_full Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions
title_fullStr Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions
title_full_unstemmed Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions
title_short Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions
title_sort tracking marsupial evolution using archaic genomic retroposon insertions
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2910653/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20668664
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436
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