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A plausible mechanism for auxin patterning along the developing root
BACKGROUND: In plant roots, auxin is critical for patterning and morphogenesis. It regulates cell elongation and division, the development and maintenance of root apical meristems, and other processes. In Arabidopsis, auxin distribution along the central root axis has several maxima: in the root tip...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2010
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921385/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20663170 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-4-98 |
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author | Mironova, Victoria V Omelyanchuk, Nadezda A Yosiphon, Guy Fadeev, Stanislav I Kolchanov, Nikolai A Mjolsness, Eric Likhoshvai, Vitaly A |
author_facet | Mironova, Victoria V Omelyanchuk, Nadezda A Yosiphon, Guy Fadeev, Stanislav I Kolchanov, Nikolai A Mjolsness, Eric Likhoshvai, Vitaly A |
author_sort | Mironova, Victoria V |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: In plant roots, auxin is critical for patterning and morphogenesis. It regulates cell elongation and division, the development and maintenance of root apical meristems, and other processes. In Arabidopsis, auxin distribution along the central root axis has several maxima: in the root tip, in the basal meristem and at the shoot/root junction. The distal maximum in the root tip maintains the stem cell niche. Proximal maxima may trigger lateral or adventitious root initiation. RESULTS: We propose a reflected flow mechanism for the formation of the auxin maximum in the root apical meristem. The mechanism is based on auxin's known activation and inhibition of expressed PIN family auxin carriers at low and high auxin levels, respectively. Simulations showed that these regulatory interactions are sufficient for self-organization of the auxin distribution pattern along the central root axis under varying conditions. The mathematical model was extended with rules for discontinuous cell dynamics so that cell divisions were also governed by auxin, and by another morphogen Division Factor which combines the actions of cytokinin and ethylene on cell division in the root. The positional information specified by the gradients of these two morphogens is able to explain root patterning along the central root axis. CONCLUSION: We present here a plausible mechanism for auxin patterning along the developing root, that may provide for self-organization of the distal auxin maximum when the reverse fountain has not yet been formed or has been disrupted. In addition, the proximal maxima are formed under the reflected flow mechanism in response to periods of increasing auxin flow from the growing shoot. These events may predetermine lateral root initiation in a rhyzotactic pattern. Another outcome of the reflected flow mechanism - the predominance of lateral or adventitious roots in different plant species - may be based on the different efficiencies with which auxin inhibits its own transport in different species, thereby distinguishing two main types of plant root architecture: taproot vs. fibrous. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2921385 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2010 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-29213852010-08-14 A plausible mechanism for auxin patterning along the developing root Mironova, Victoria V Omelyanchuk, Nadezda A Yosiphon, Guy Fadeev, Stanislav I Kolchanov, Nikolai A Mjolsness, Eric Likhoshvai, Vitaly A BMC Syst Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: In plant roots, auxin is critical for patterning and morphogenesis. It regulates cell elongation and division, the development and maintenance of root apical meristems, and other processes. In Arabidopsis, auxin distribution along the central root axis has several maxima: in the root tip, in the basal meristem and at the shoot/root junction. The distal maximum in the root tip maintains the stem cell niche. Proximal maxima may trigger lateral or adventitious root initiation. RESULTS: We propose a reflected flow mechanism for the formation of the auxin maximum in the root apical meristem. The mechanism is based on auxin's known activation and inhibition of expressed PIN family auxin carriers at low and high auxin levels, respectively. Simulations showed that these regulatory interactions are sufficient for self-organization of the auxin distribution pattern along the central root axis under varying conditions. The mathematical model was extended with rules for discontinuous cell dynamics so that cell divisions were also governed by auxin, and by another morphogen Division Factor which combines the actions of cytokinin and ethylene on cell division in the root. The positional information specified by the gradients of these two morphogens is able to explain root patterning along the central root axis. CONCLUSION: We present here a plausible mechanism for auxin patterning along the developing root, that may provide for self-organization of the distal auxin maximum when the reverse fountain has not yet been formed or has been disrupted. In addition, the proximal maxima are formed under the reflected flow mechanism in response to periods of increasing auxin flow from the growing shoot. These events may predetermine lateral root initiation in a rhyzotactic pattern. Another outcome of the reflected flow mechanism - the predominance of lateral or adventitious roots in different plant species - may be based on the different efficiencies with which auxin inhibits its own transport in different species, thereby distinguishing two main types of plant root architecture: taproot vs. fibrous. BioMed Central 2010-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC2921385/ /pubmed/20663170 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-4-98 Text en Copyright ©2010 Mironova et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Mironova, Victoria V Omelyanchuk, Nadezda A Yosiphon, Guy Fadeev, Stanislav I Kolchanov, Nikolai A Mjolsness, Eric Likhoshvai, Vitaly A A plausible mechanism for auxin patterning along the developing root |
title | A plausible mechanism for auxin patterning along the developing root |
title_full | A plausible mechanism for auxin patterning along the developing root |
title_fullStr | A plausible mechanism for auxin patterning along the developing root |
title_full_unstemmed | A plausible mechanism for auxin patterning along the developing root |
title_short | A plausible mechanism for auxin patterning along the developing root |
title_sort | plausible mechanism for auxin patterning along the developing root |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921385/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20663170 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-0509-4-98 |
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