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Biliary Innate Immunity: Function and Modulation

Biliary innate immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and biliary atresia. Biliary epithelial cells possess an innate immune system consisting of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family and recognize pathogen-associated molecular pat...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Harada, Kenichi, Nakanuma, Yasuni
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2926654/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798866
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/373878
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author Harada, Kenichi
Nakanuma, Yasuni
author_facet Harada, Kenichi
Nakanuma, Yasuni
author_sort Harada, Kenichi
collection PubMed
description Biliary innate immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and biliary atresia. Biliary epithelial cells possess an innate immune system consisting of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family and recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Tolerance to bacterial PAMPs such as lipopolysaccharides is also important to maintain homeostasis in the biliary tree, but tolerance to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is not found. In PBC, CD4-positive Th17 cells characterized by the secretion of IL-17 are implicated in the chronic inflammation of bile ducts and the presence of Th17 cells around bile ducts is causally associated with the biliary innate immune responses to PAMPs. Moreover, a negative regulator of intracellular TLR signaling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), is involved in the pathogenesis of cholangitis. Immunosuppression using PPARγ ligands may help to attenuate the bile duct damage in PBC patients. In biliary atresia characterized by a progressive, inflammatory, and sclerosing cholangiopathy, dsRNA viruses are speculated to be an etiological agent and to directly induce enhanced biliary apoptosis via the expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Moreover, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of biliary epithelial cells is also evoked by the biliary innate immune response to dsRNA.
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spelling pubmed-29266542010-08-26 Biliary Innate Immunity: Function and Modulation Harada, Kenichi Nakanuma, Yasuni Mediators Inflamm Review Article Biliary innate immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and biliary atresia. Biliary epithelial cells possess an innate immune system consisting of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family and recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Tolerance to bacterial PAMPs such as lipopolysaccharides is also important to maintain homeostasis in the biliary tree, but tolerance to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is not found. In PBC, CD4-positive Th17 cells characterized by the secretion of IL-17 are implicated in the chronic inflammation of bile ducts and the presence of Th17 cells around bile ducts is causally associated with the biliary innate immune responses to PAMPs. Moreover, a negative regulator of intracellular TLR signaling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), is involved in the pathogenesis of cholangitis. Immunosuppression using PPARγ ligands may help to attenuate the bile duct damage in PBC patients. In biliary atresia characterized by a progressive, inflammatory, and sclerosing cholangiopathy, dsRNA viruses are speculated to be an etiological agent and to directly induce enhanced biliary apoptosis via the expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Moreover, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of biliary epithelial cells is also evoked by the biliary innate immune response to dsRNA. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2010 2010-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC2926654/ /pubmed/20798866 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/373878 Text en Copyright © 2010 K. Harada and Y. Nakanuma. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Harada, Kenichi
Nakanuma, Yasuni
Biliary Innate Immunity: Function and Modulation
title Biliary Innate Immunity: Function and Modulation
title_full Biliary Innate Immunity: Function and Modulation
title_fullStr Biliary Innate Immunity: Function and Modulation
title_full_unstemmed Biliary Innate Immunity: Function and Modulation
title_short Biliary Innate Immunity: Function and Modulation
title_sort biliary innate immunity: function and modulation
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2926654/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798866
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/373878
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