Application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of two fungicides in environmental water samples

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) has been developed for the extraction and preconcentration of diethofencarb (DF) and pyrimethanil (PM) in environmental water. In the method, a suitable mixture of extraction solvent (50 μL carbon tetrachloride) and dispersive solvent (0.75 mL acetonitrile) are injected into the aqueous samples (5.00 mL) and the cloudy solution is observed. After centrifugation, the enriched analytes in the sediment phase were determined by HPLC-VWD. Different influencing factors, such as the kind and volume of extraction and dispersive solvent, extraction time and salt effect were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors for DF and PM were both 108 and the limit of detection were 0.021 ng mL(−1) and 0.015 ng mL(−1), respectively. The linear ranges were 0.08–400 ng mL(−1) for DF and 0.04–200 ng mL(−1) for PM. The relative standard deviation (RSDs) were both almost at 6.0% (n = 6). The relative recoveries from samples of environmental water were from the range of 87.0 to 107.2%. Compared with other methods, DLLME is a very simple, rapid, sensitive (low limit of detection) and economical (only 5 mL volume of sample) method.