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Fitting the pieces together: current research on the genetic basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly disruptive childhood-onset disorder that often persists into adolescence and adulthood. Comorbidity with other problems, such as autism, dyslexia and conduct disorder (CD) is very common. Although little is known about the pathophysiology o...

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Autores principales: Stergiakouli, Evangelia, Thapar, Anita
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2938304/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20856918
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S11322
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author Stergiakouli, Evangelia
Thapar, Anita
author_facet Stergiakouli, Evangelia
Thapar, Anita
author_sort Stergiakouli, Evangelia
collection PubMed
description Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly disruptive childhood-onset disorder that often persists into adolescence and adulthood. Comorbidity with other problems, such as autism, dyslexia and conduct disorder (CD) is very common. Although little is known about the pathophysiology of ADHD, family, twin and adoption studies have shown that it is highly heritable. Whole genome linkage studies suggest there are no common susceptibility genes of moderate effect size. Most published research has been based on functional candidate gene studies. The most consistent evidence for association with ADHD relates to a dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene variable number tandem repeat (VNTR), a dopamine D5 receptor (DRD5) gene microsatellite and a dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene VNTR. In addition, the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) val158/108 met variant has been shown to increase risk for associated antisocial behavior. The first genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ADHD have been completed and although larger studies are still required to detect common risk variants, novel risk pathways are being suggested for ADHD. Further research on the contribution of rare variants, larger genome-wide association and sequencing studies and ADHD phenotype refinement is now needed.
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spelling pubmed-29383042010-09-20 Fitting the pieces together: current research on the genetic basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Stergiakouli, Evangelia Thapar, Anita Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat Rapid Communication Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly disruptive childhood-onset disorder that often persists into adolescence and adulthood. Comorbidity with other problems, such as autism, dyslexia and conduct disorder (CD) is very common. Although little is known about the pathophysiology of ADHD, family, twin and adoption studies have shown that it is highly heritable. Whole genome linkage studies suggest there are no common susceptibility genes of moderate effect size. Most published research has been based on functional candidate gene studies. The most consistent evidence for association with ADHD relates to a dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene variable number tandem repeat (VNTR), a dopamine D5 receptor (DRD5) gene microsatellite and a dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene VNTR. In addition, the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) val158/108 met variant has been shown to increase risk for associated antisocial behavior. The first genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ADHD have been completed and although larger studies are still required to detect common risk variants, novel risk pathways are being suggested for ADHD. Further research on the contribution of rare variants, larger genome-wide association and sequencing studies and ADHD phenotype refinement is now needed. Dove Medical Press 2010-09-07 2010 /pmc/articles/PMC2938304/ /pubmed/20856918 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S11322 Text en © 2010 Stergiakouli and Thapar, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd. This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Rapid Communication
Stergiakouli, Evangelia
Thapar, Anita
Fitting the pieces together: current research on the genetic basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
title Fitting the pieces together: current research on the genetic basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
title_full Fitting the pieces together: current research on the genetic basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
title_fullStr Fitting the pieces together: current research on the genetic basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
title_full_unstemmed Fitting the pieces together: current research on the genetic basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
title_short Fitting the pieces together: current research on the genetic basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
title_sort fitting the pieces together: current research on the genetic basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd)
topic Rapid Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2938304/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20856918
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S11322
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