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Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

DNA base excision repair (BER) accounts for maintaining genomic integrity by removing damaged bases that are generated endogenously or induced by genotoxic agents. In this paper, we describe the roles of enzymes functioning in the early steps of BER in fission yeast. Although BER is an evolutionaril...

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Autores principales: Kanamitsu, Kyoichiro, Ikeda, Shogo
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2945677/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20936170
http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/450926
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author Kanamitsu, Kyoichiro
Ikeda, Shogo
author_facet Kanamitsu, Kyoichiro
Ikeda, Shogo
author_sort Kanamitsu, Kyoichiro
collection PubMed
description DNA base excision repair (BER) accounts for maintaining genomic integrity by removing damaged bases that are generated endogenously or induced by genotoxic agents. In this paper, we describe the roles of enzymes functioning in the early steps of BER in fission yeast. Although BER is an evolutionarily conserved process, some unique features of the yeast repair pathway were revealed by genetic and biochemical approaches. AP sites generated by monofunctional DNA glycosylases are incised mainly by AP lyase activity of Nth1p, a sole bifunctional glycosylase in yeast, to leave a blocked 3′ end. The major AP endonuclease Apn2p functions predominantly in removing the 3′ block. Finally, a DNA polymerase fills the gap, and a DNA ligase seals the nick (Nth1p-dependent or short patch BER). Apn1p backs up Apn2p. In long patch BER, Rad2p endonuclease removes flap DNA containing a lesion after DNA synthesis. A UV-specific endonuclease Uve1p engages in an alternative pathway by nicking DNA on the 5′ side of oxidative damage. Nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination are involved in repair of BER intermediates including the AP site and single-strand break with the 3′ block. Other enzymes working in 3′ end processing are also discussed.
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spelling pubmed-29456772010-10-08 Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Kanamitsu, Kyoichiro Ikeda, Shogo J Nucleic Acids Review Article DNA base excision repair (BER) accounts for maintaining genomic integrity by removing damaged bases that are generated endogenously or induced by genotoxic agents. In this paper, we describe the roles of enzymes functioning in the early steps of BER in fission yeast. Although BER is an evolutionarily conserved process, some unique features of the yeast repair pathway were revealed by genetic and biochemical approaches. AP sites generated by monofunctional DNA glycosylases are incised mainly by AP lyase activity of Nth1p, a sole bifunctional glycosylase in yeast, to leave a blocked 3′ end. The major AP endonuclease Apn2p functions predominantly in removing the 3′ block. Finally, a DNA polymerase fills the gap, and a DNA ligase seals the nick (Nth1p-dependent or short patch BER). Apn1p backs up Apn2p. In long patch BER, Rad2p endonuclease removes flap DNA containing a lesion after DNA synthesis. A UV-specific endonuclease Uve1p engages in an alternative pathway by nicking DNA on the 5′ side of oxidative damage. Nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination are involved in repair of BER intermediates including the AP site and single-strand break with the 3′ block. Other enzymes working in 3′ end processing are also discussed. SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research 2010-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC2945677/ /pubmed/20936170 http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/450926 Text en Copyright © 2010 K. Kanamitsu and S. Ikeda. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Kanamitsu, Kyoichiro
Ikeda, Shogo
Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
title Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
title_full Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
title_fullStr Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
title_full_unstemmed Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
title_short Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
title_sort early steps in the dna base excision repair pathway of a fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2945677/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20936170
http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/450926
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