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Emerging role of radiation induced bystander effects: Cell communications and carcinogenesis

Ionizing radiation is an invaluable diagnostic and treatment tool used in various clinical applications. On the other hand, radiation is a known cytotoxic with a potential DNA damaging and carcinogenic effects. However, the biological effects of low and high linear energy transfer (LET) radiations a...

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Autor principal: Baskar, Rajamanickam
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2949714/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20831828
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2041-9414-1-13
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author Baskar, Rajamanickam
author_facet Baskar, Rajamanickam
author_sort Baskar, Rajamanickam
collection PubMed
description Ionizing radiation is an invaluable diagnostic and treatment tool used in various clinical applications. On the other hand, radiation is a known cytotoxic with a potential DNA damaging and carcinogenic effects. However, the biological effects of low and high linear energy transfer (LET) radiations are considerably more complex than previously thought. In the past decade, evidence has mounted for a novel biological phenomenon termed as "bystander effect" (BE), wherein directly irradiated cells transmit damaging signals to non-irradiated cells thereby inducing a response similar to that of irradiated cells. BE can also be induced in various cells irrespective of the type of radiation, and the BE may be more damaging in the longer term than direct radiation exposure. BE is mediated either through gap-junctions or via soluble factors released by irradiated cells. DNA damage response mechanisms represent a vital line of defense against exogenous and endogenous damage caused by radiation and promote two distinct outcomes: survival and the maintenance of genomic stability. The latter is critical for cancer avoidance. Therefore, efforts to understand and modulate the bystander responses will provide new approaches to cancer therapy and prevention. This review overviews the emerging role of BE of low and high LET radiations on the genomic instability of bystander cells and its possible implications for carcinogenesis.
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spelling pubmed-29497142010-10-06 Emerging role of radiation induced bystander effects: Cell communications and carcinogenesis Baskar, Rajamanickam Genome Integr Review Ionizing radiation is an invaluable diagnostic and treatment tool used in various clinical applications. On the other hand, radiation is a known cytotoxic with a potential DNA damaging and carcinogenic effects. However, the biological effects of low and high linear energy transfer (LET) radiations are considerably more complex than previously thought. In the past decade, evidence has mounted for a novel biological phenomenon termed as "bystander effect" (BE), wherein directly irradiated cells transmit damaging signals to non-irradiated cells thereby inducing a response similar to that of irradiated cells. BE can also be induced in various cells irrespective of the type of radiation, and the BE may be more damaging in the longer term than direct radiation exposure. BE is mediated either through gap-junctions or via soluble factors released by irradiated cells. DNA damage response mechanisms represent a vital line of defense against exogenous and endogenous damage caused by radiation and promote two distinct outcomes: survival and the maintenance of genomic stability. The latter is critical for cancer avoidance. Therefore, efforts to understand and modulate the bystander responses will provide new approaches to cancer therapy and prevention. This review overviews the emerging role of BE of low and high LET radiations on the genomic instability of bystander cells and its possible implications for carcinogenesis. BioMed Central 2010-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC2949714/ /pubmed/20831828 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2041-9414-1-13 Text en Copyright ©2010 Baskar; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Baskar, Rajamanickam
Emerging role of radiation induced bystander effects: Cell communications and carcinogenesis
title Emerging role of radiation induced bystander effects: Cell communications and carcinogenesis
title_full Emerging role of radiation induced bystander effects: Cell communications and carcinogenesis
title_fullStr Emerging role of radiation induced bystander effects: Cell communications and carcinogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Emerging role of radiation induced bystander effects: Cell communications and carcinogenesis
title_short Emerging role of radiation induced bystander effects: Cell communications and carcinogenesis
title_sort emerging role of radiation induced bystander effects: cell communications and carcinogenesis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2949714/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20831828
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2041-9414-1-13
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