Biweekly docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) chemotherapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase I dose-escalation study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The optimal chemotherapeutic protocol for the treatment of esophageal cancer has not yet been established. A dose-escalation study of docetaxel combined with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was performed to determine the optimal dose in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We studied a total of 18 patients who had previously untreated thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with T4 tumors and/or metastasis. The patients received an infusion of docetaxel at different dose levels (levels 1, 2, 3: 30, 35, 40 mg/m(2), respectively) and an infusion of cisplatin (40 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 15 plus a continuous infusion of 5-FU (400 mg/m(2)/day) on days 1–5 and 15–19. RESULTS: Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) included febrile neutropenia and leukopenia. DLT occurred in 2 of 6 patients at level 1, 2 and in 3 of 6 patients at level 3. The response rate was 88.9%, including a complete response rate of 33.3%. CONCLUSIONS: To minimize toxicity and maximize dose intensity, we elected to investigate a biweekly regimen. The maximum tolerated dose was level 3, and the recommended dose was determined to be docetaxel 35 mg/m(2) with cisplatin 40 mg/m(2) plus 5-FU 400 mg/m(2), administered biweekly. This regimen was tolerable and highly active. A phase II study has been started.