Cargando…

Urbanization, ethnicity and cardiovascular risk in a population in transition in Nakuru, Kenya: a population-based survey

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among older people in Africa. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of urbanization and ethnicity with CVD risk markers in Kenya. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based survey was carried out in Nakuru Kenya in 20...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mathenge, Wanjiku, Foster, Allen, Kuper, Hannah
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956724/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20860807
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-569
_version_ 1782188183593680896
author Mathenge, Wanjiku
Foster, Allen
Kuper, Hannah
author_facet Mathenge, Wanjiku
Foster, Allen
Kuper, Hannah
author_sort Mathenge, Wanjiku
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among older people in Africa. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of urbanization and ethnicity with CVD risk markers in Kenya. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based survey was carried out in Nakuru Kenya in 2007-2008. 100 clusters of 50 people aged ≥50 years were selected by probability proportionate to size sampling. Households within clusters were selected through compact segment sampling. Participants were interviewed by nurses to collect socio-demographic and lifestyle information. Nurses measured blood pressure, height, weight and waist and hip circumference. A random finger-prick blood sample was taken to measure glucose and cholesterol levels. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg or current use of antihypertensive medication; Diabetes as reported current medication or diet control for diabetes or random blood glucose level ≥11.1 mmol/L; High cholesterol as random blood cholesterol level ≥5.2 mmol/L; and Obesity as Body Mass Index (BMI)≥30 kg/m(2). RESULTS: 5010 eligible subjects were selected, of whom 4396 (88%) were examined. There was a high prevalence of hypertension (50.1%, 47.5-52.6%), obesity (13.0%, 11.7-14.5%), diabetes (6.6%, 5.6-7.7%) and high cholesterol (21.1%, 18.6-23.9). Hypertension, diabetes and obesity were more common in urban compared to rural groups and the elevated prevalence generally persisted after adjustment for socio-demographic, lifestyle, obesity and cardiovascular risk markers. There was also a higher prevalence of hypertension, obesity, diabetes and high cholesterol among Kikuyus compared to Kalenjins, even after multivariate adjustment. CVD risk markers were clustered both across the district and within individuals. Few people received treatment for hypertension (15%), while the majority of cases with diabetes received treatment (68%). CONCLUSIONS: CVD risk markers are common in Kenya, particularly in urban areas. Exploring differences in CVD risk markers between ethnic groups may help to elucidate the epidemiology of these conditions.
format Text
id pubmed-2956724
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2010
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-29567242010-10-19 Urbanization, ethnicity and cardiovascular risk in a population in transition in Nakuru, Kenya: a population-based survey Mathenge, Wanjiku Foster, Allen Kuper, Hannah BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among older people in Africa. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of urbanization and ethnicity with CVD risk markers in Kenya. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based survey was carried out in Nakuru Kenya in 2007-2008. 100 clusters of 50 people aged ≥50 years were selected by probability proportionate to size sampling. Households within clusters were selected through compact segment sampling. Participants were interviewed by nurses to collect socio-demographic and lifestyle information. Nurses measured blood pressure, height, weight and waist and hip circumference. A random finger-prick blood sample was taken to measure glucose and cholesterol levels. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg or current use of antihypertensive medication; Diabetes as reported current medication or diet control for diabetes or random blood glucose level ≥11.1 mmol/L; High cholesterol as random blood cholesterol level ≥5.2 mmol/L; and Obesity as Body Mass Index (BMI)≥30 kg/m(2). RESULTS: 5010 eligible subjects were selected, of whom 4396 (88%) were examined. There was a high prevalence of hypertension (50.1%, 47.5-52.6%), obesity (13.0%, 11.7-14.5%), diabetes (6.6%, 5.6-7.7%) and high cholesterol (21.1%, 18.6-23.9). Hypertension, diabetes and obesity were more common in urban compared to rural groups and the elevated prevalence generally persisted after adjustment for socio-demographic, lifestyle, obesity and cardiovascular risk markers. There was also a higher prevalence of hypertension, obesity, diabetes and high cholesterol among Kikuyus compared to Kalenjins, even after multivariate adjustment. CVD risk markers were clustered both across the district and within individuals. Few people received treatment for hypertension (15%), while the majority of cases with diabetes received treatment (68%). CONCLUSIONS: CVD risk markers are common in Kenya, particularly in urban areas. Exploring differences in CVD risk markers between ethnic groups may help to elucidate the epidemiology of these conditions. BioMed Central 2010-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC2956724/ /pubmed/20860807 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-569 Text en Copyright ©2010 Mathenge et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Mathenge, Wanjiku
Foster, Allen
Kuper, Hannah
Urbanization, ethnicity and cardiovascular risk in a population in transition in Nakuru, Kenya: a population-based survey
title Urbanization, ethnicity and cardiovascular risk in a population in transition in Nakuru, Kenya: a population-based survey
title_full Urbanization, ethnicity and cardiovascular risk in a population in transition in Nakuru, Kenya: a population-based survey
title_fullStr Urbanization, ethnicity and cardiovascular risk in a population in transition in Nakuru, Kenya: a population-based survey
title_full_unstemmed Urbanization, ethnicity and cardiovascular risk in a population in transition in Nakuru, Kenya: a population-based survey
title_short Urbanization, ethnicity and cardiovascular risk in a population in transition in Nakuru, Kenya: a population-based survey
title_sort urbanization, ethnicity and cardiovascular risk in a population in transition in nakuru, kenya: a population-based survey
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956724/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20860807
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-569
work_keys_str_mv AT mathengewanjiku urbanizationethnicityandcardiovascularriskinapopulationintransitioninnakurukenyaapopulationbasedsurvey
AT fosterallen urbanizationethnicityandcardiovascularriskinapopulationintransitioninnakurukenyaapopulationbasedsurvey
AT kuperhannah urbanizationethnicityandcardiovascularriskinapopulationintransitioninnakurukenyaapopulationbasedsurvey