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Surface Lipids as Multifunctional Mediators of Skin Responses to Environmental Stimuli

Skin surface lipid (SSL) film is a mixture of sebum and keratinocyte membrane lipids, protecting skin from environment. Its composition is unique for the high percentage of long chain fatty acids, and of the polyterpenoid squalene, absent in other human tissues, and in non-human Primates sebum. Here...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: De Luca, Chiara, Valacchi, Giuseppe
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2963132/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20981292
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/321494
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author De Luca, Chiara
Valacchi, Giuseppe
author_facet De Luca, Chiara
Valacchi, Giuseppe
author_sort De Luca, Chiara
collection PubMed
description Skin surface lipid (SSL) film is a mixture of sebum and keratinocyte membrane lipids, protecting skin from environment. Its composition is unique for the high percentage of long chain fatty acids, and of the polyterpenoid squalene, absent in other human tissues, and in non-human Primates sebum. Here, the still incomplete body of information on SSL as mediators of external chemical, physical, and microbial signals and stressors is revised, focusing on the central event of the continuous oxidative modification induced by the metabolic activity of residential and pathological microbial flora, natural or iatrogenic UV irradiation, exposure to chemicals and cosmetics. Once alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinol-10 antioxidant defences of SSL are overcome, oxidation of squalene and cholesterol gives rise to reactive by-products penetrating deeper into skin layers, to mediate local defensive inflammatory, photo-protective, immune reactions or, at higher concentrations, inducing local but also systemic immune depression, ultimately implicating skin cancerogenesis. Qualitative modifications of SSL represent a pathogenetic sign of diagnostic value in dermatological disorders involving altered sebum production, like pytiriasis versicolor, acne, atopic or seborrheic dermatitis, as well as photo-aging. Achievements of nutriceutical interventions aimed at restoring normal SSL composition and homeostasis are discussed, as feasible therapeutic goals and major means of photo-protection.
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spelling pubmed-29631322010-10-27 Surface Lipids as Multifunctional Mediators of Skin Responses to Environmental Stimuli De Luca, Chiara Valacchi, Giuseppe Mediators Inflamm Review Article Skin surface lipid (SSL) film is a mixture of sebum and keratinocyte membrane lipids, protecting skin from environment. Its composition is unique for the high percentage of long chain fatty acids, and of the polyterpenoid squalene, absent in other human tissues, and in non-human Primates sebum. Here, the still incomplete body of information on SSL as mediators of external chemical, physical, and microbial signals and stressors is revised, focusing on the central event of the continuous oxidative modification induced by the metabolic activity of residential and pathological microbial flora, natural or iatrogenic UV irradiation, exposure to chemicals and cosmetics. Once alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinol-10 antioxidant defences of SSL are overcome, oxidation of squalene and cholesterol gives rise to reactive by-products penetrating deeper into skin layers, to mediate local defensive inflammatory, photo-protective, immune reactions or, at higher concentrations, inducing local but also systemic immune depression, ultimately implicating skin cancerogenesis. Qualitative modifications of SSL represent a pathogenetic sign of diagnostic value in dermatological disorders involving altered sebum production, like pytiriasis versicolor, acne, atopic or seborrheic dermatitis, as well as photo-aging. Achievements of nutriceutical interventions aimed at restoring normal SSL composition and homeostasis are discussed, as feasible therapeutic goals and major means of photo-protection. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2010 2010-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC2963132/ /pubmed/20981292 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/321494 Text en Copyright © 2010 C. De Luca and G. Valacchi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
De Luca, Chiara
Valacchi, Giuseppe
Surface Lipids as Multifunctional Mediators of Skin Responses to Environmental Stimuli
title Surface Lipids as Multifunctional Mediators of Skin Responses to Environmental Stimuli
title_full Surface Lipids as Multifunctional Mediators of Skin Responses to Environmental Stimuli
title_fullStr Surface Lipids as Multifunctional Mediators of Skin Responses to Environmental Stimuli
title_full_unstemmed Surface Lipids as Multifunctional Mediators of Skin Responses to Environmental Stimuli
title_short Surface Lipids as Multifunctional Mediators of Skin Responses to Environmental Stimuli
title_sort surface lipids as multifunctional mediators of skin responses to environmental stimuli
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2963132/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20981292
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/321494
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