Typical carcinoid tumor of the larynx in a woman: a case report

INTRODUCTION: Neuroendocrine tumors are the second most common neoplasms of the larynx. Histopathologically, neuroendocrine tumors can be classified into four types: typical carcinoid tumors, atypical carcinoid tumors, small cell neuroendocrine tumors and paragangliomas. Typical carcinoid tumor of the larynx is a particularly rare occurrence. We present a case of this rare disease, and review and discuss its diagnosis and treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old Turkish woman presented with a two-year history of persistent hoarseness. Endoscopic laryngeal examination and computed tomography revealed a supraglottic mass. Direct laryngoscopy was performed and a biopsy taken. Results of the histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical analysis were consistent with typical carcinoid tumor of the larynx. A supraglottic laryngectomy was performed. There was no recurrence during a follow-up period of three years. CONCLUSION: Carcinoid tumors require an accurate diagnosis because of their varied clinical behavior and prognosis. A correct pathologic diagnosis is essential, differentiating the tumors from other neuroendocrine neoplasms and medullary cancer of the thyroid gland. Immunohistochemical analysis is supplementary to a standard histopathologic evaluation. Currently, conservative surgical resection without elective neck dissection is the recommended treatment for typical carcinoid tumor of the larynx. Additional cases and case series with long-term follow-up will be useful for understanding the nature of this tumor and should clarify the prognosis.