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Efficacy, effectiveness, and behavior change trials in exercise research

BACKGROUND: The widespread incorporation of behavioral support interventions into exercise trials has sometimes caused confusion concerning the primary purpose of a trial. The purpose of the present paper is to offer some conceptual and methodological distinctions among three types of exercise trial...

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Autor principal: Courneya, Kerry S
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2989301/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21073717
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-81
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author Courneya, Kerry S
author_facet Courneya, Kerry S
author_sort Courneya, Kerry S
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The widespread incorporation of behavioral support interventions into exercise trials has sometimes caused confusion concerning the primary purpose of a trial. The purpose of the present paper is to offer some conceptual and methodological distinctions among three types of exercise trials with a view towards improving their design, conduct, reporting, and interpretation. DISCUSSION: Exercise trials can be divided into "health outcome trials" or "behavior change trials" based on their primary outcome. Health outcome trials can be further divided into efficacy and effectiveness trials based on their potential for dissemination into practice. Exercise efficacy trials may achieve high levels of exercise adherence by supervising the exercise over a short intervention period ("traditional" exercise efficacy trials) or by the adoption of an extensive behavioral support intervention designed to accommodate unsupervised exercise and/or an extended intervention period ("contemporary" exercise efficacy trials). Exercise effectiveness trials may emanate from the desire to test exercise interventions with proven efficacy ("traditional" exercise effectiveness trials) or the desire to test behavioral support interventions with proven feasibility ("contemporary" exercise effectiveness trials). Efficacy, effectiveness, and behavior change trials often differ in terms of their primary and secondary outcomes, theoretical models adopted, selection of participants, nature of the exercise and comparison interventions, nature of the behavioral support intervention, sample size calculation, and interpretation of trial results. SUMMARY: Exercise researchers are encouraged to clarify the primary purpose of their trial to facilitate its design, conduct, and interpretation.
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spelling pubmed-29893012010-11-21 Efficacy, effectiveness, and behavior change trials in exercise research Courneya, Kerry S Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Debate BACKGROUND: The widespread incorporation of behavioral support interventions into exercise trials has sometimes caused confusion concerning the primary purpose of a trial. The purpose of the present paper is to offer some conceptual and methodological distinctions among three types of exercise trials with a view towards improving their design, conduct, reporting, and interpretation. DISCUSSION: Exercise trials can be divided into "health outcome trials" or "behavior change trials" based on their primary outcome. Health outcome trials can be further divided into efficacy and effectiveness trials based on their potential for dissemination into practice. Exercise efficacy trials may achieve high levels of exercise adherence by supervising the exercise over a short intervention period ("traditional" exercise efficacy trials) or by the adoption of an extensive behavioral support intervention designed to accommodate unsupervised exercise and/or an extended intervention period ("contemporary" exercise efficacy trials). Exercise effectiveness trials may emanate from the desire to test exercise interventions with proven efficacy ("traditional" exercise effectiveness trials) or the desire to test behavioral support interventions with proven feasibility ("contemporary" exercise effectiveness trials). Efficacy, effectiveness, and behavior change trials often differ in terms of their primary and secondary outcomes, theoretical models adopted, selection of participants, nature of the exercise and comparison interventions, nature of the behavioral support intervention, sample size calculation, and interpretation of trial results. SUMMARY: Exercise researchers are encouraged to clarify the primary purpose of their trial to facilitate its design, conduct, and interpretation. BioMed Central 2010-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC2989301/ /pubmed/21073717 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-81 Text en Copyright ©2010 Courneya; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Debate
Courneya, Kerry S
Efficacy, effectiveness, and behavior change trials in exercise research
title Efficacy, effectiveness, and behavior change trials in exercise research
title_full Efficacy, effectiveness, and behavior change trials in exercise research
title_fullStr Efficacy, effectiveness, and behavior change trials in exercise research
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy, effectiveness, and behavior change trials in exercise research
title_short Efficacy, effectiveness, and behavior change trials in exercise research
title_sort efficacy, effectiveness, and behavior change trials in exercise research
topic Debate
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2989301/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21073717
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-81
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