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Reduction of Off-Flavor Generation in Soybean Homogenates: A Mathematical Model

The generation of off-flavors in soybean homogenates such as n-hexanal via the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway can be a problem in the processed food industry. Previous studies have examined the effect of using soybean varieties missing one or more of the 3 LOX isozymes on n-hexanal generation. A dynamic...

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Autores principales: Mellor, Nathan, Bligh, Frances, Chandler, Ian, Hodgman, Charlie
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Blackwell Publishing Inc 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21535565
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01733.x
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author Mellor, Nathan
Bligh, Frances
Chandler, Ian
Hodgman, Charlie
author_facet Mellor, Nathan
Bligh, Frances
Chandler, Ian
Hodgman, Charlie
author_sort Mellor, Nathan
collection PubMed
description The generation of off-flavors in soybean homogenates such as n-hexanal via the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway can be a problem in the processed food industry. Previous studies have examined the effect of using soybean varieties missing one or more of the 3 LOX isozymes on n-hexanal generation. A dynamic mathematical model of the soybean LOX pathway using ordinary differential equations was constructed using parameters estimated from existing data with the aim of predicting how n-hexanal generation could be reduced. Time-course simulations of LOX-null beans were run and compared with experimental results. Model L(2), L(3), and L(12) beans were within the range relative to the wild type found experimentally, with L(13) and L(23) beans close to the experimental range. Model L(1) beans produced much more n-hexanal relative to the wild type than those in experiments. Sensitivity analysis indicates that reducing the estimated K(m) parameter for LOX isozyme 3 (L-3) would improve the fit between model predictions and experimental results found in the literature. The model also predicts that increasing L-3 or reducing L-2 levels within beans may reduce n-hexanal generation. Practical Application: This work describes the use of mathematics to attempt to quantify the enzyme-catalyzed conversions of compounds in soybean homogenates into undesirable flavors, primarily from the compound n-hexanal. The effect of different soybean genotypes and enzyme kinetic constants was also studied, leading to recommendations on which combinations might minimize off-flavor levels and what further work might be carried out to substantiate these conclusions.
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spelling pubmed-29926882010-12-06 Reduction of Off-Flavor Generation in Soybean Homogenates: A Mathematical Model Mellor, Nathan Bligh, Frances Chandler, Ian Hodgman, Charlie J Food Sci R: Concise Reviews/Hypotheses in Food Science The generation of off-flavors in soybean homogenates such as n-hexanal via the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway can be a problem in the processed food industry. Previous studies have examined the effect of using soybean varieties missing one or more of the 3 LOX isozymes on n-hexanal generation. A dynamic mathematical model of the soybean LOX pathway using ordinary differential equations was constructed using parameters estimated from existing data with the aim of predicting how n-hexanal generation could be reduced. Time-course simulations of LOX-null beans were run and compared with experimental results. Model L(2), L(3), and L(12) beans were within the range relative to the wild type found experimentally, with L(13) and L(23) beans close to the experimental range. Model L(1) beans produced much more n-hexanal relative to the wild type than those in experiments. Sensitivity analysis indicates that reducing the estimated K(m) parameter for LOX isozyme 3 (L-3) would improve the fit between model predictions and experimental results found in the literature. The model also predicts that increasing L-3 or reducing L-2 levels within beans may reduce n-hexanal generation. Practical Application: This work describes the use of mathematics to attempt to quantify the enzyme-catalyzed conversions of compounds in soybean homogenates into undesirable flavors, primarily from the compound n-hexanal. The effect of different soybean genotypes and enzyme kinetic constants was also studied, leading to recommendations on which combinations might minimize off-flavor levels and what further work might be carried out to substantiate these conclusions. Blackwell Publishing Inc 2010-09 /pmc/articles/PMC2992688/ /pubmed/21535565 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01733.x Text en ©2010 Institute of Food Technologists® http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.
spellingShingle R: Concise Reviews/Hypotheses in Food Science
Mellor, Nathan
Bligh, Frances
Chandler, Ian
Hodgman, Charlie
Reduction of Off-Flavor Generation in Soybean Homogenates: A Mathematical Model
title Reduction of Off-Flavor Generation in Soybean Homogenates: A Mathematical Model
title_full Reduction of Off-Flavor Generation in Soybean Homogenates: A Mathematical Model
title_fullStr Reduction of Off-Flavor Generation in Soybean Homogenates: A Mathematical Model
title_full_unstemmed Reduction of Off-Flavor Generation in Soybean Homogenates: A Mathematical Model
title_short Reduction of Off-Flavor Generation in Soybean Homogenates: A Mathematical Model
title_sort reduction of off-flavor generation in soybean homogenates: a mathematical model
topic R: Concise Reviews/Hypotheses in Food Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21535565
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01733.x
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