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Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Methamphetamine in the Human Body: Clinical Implications

BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine is one of the most toxic of the drugs of abuse, which may reflect its distribution and accumulation in the body. However no studies have measured methamphetamine's organ distribution in the human body. METHODS: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was used in conjuncti...

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Autores principales: Volkow, Nora D., Fowler, Joanna S., Wang, Gene-Jack, Shumay, Elena, Telang, Frank, Thanos, Peter K., Alexoff, David
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2998419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21151866
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015269
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author Volkow, Nora D.
Fowler, Joanna S.
Wang, Gene-Jack
Shumay, Elena
Telang, Frank
Thanos, Peter K.
Alexoff, David
author_facet Volkow, Nora D.
Fowler, Joanna S.
Wang, Gene-Jack
Shumay, Elena
Telang, Frank
Thanos, Peter K.
Alexoff, David
author_sort Volkow, Nora D.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine is one of the most toxic of the drugs of abuse, which may reflect its distribution and accumulation in the body. However no studies have measured methamphetamine's organ distribution in the human body. METHODS: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was used in conjunction with [(11)C]d-methamphetamine to measure its whole-body distribution and bioavailability as assessed by peak uptake (% Dose/cc), rate of clearance (time to reach 50% peak-clearance) and accumulation (area under the curve) in healthy participants (9 Caucasians and 10 African Americans). RESULTS: Methamphetamine distributed through most organs. Highest uptake (whole organ) occurred in lungs (22% Dose; weight ∼1246 g), liver (23%; weight ∼1677 g) and intermediate in brain (10%; weight ∼1600 g). Kidneys also showed high uptake (per/cc basis) (7%; weight 305 g). Methamphetamine's clearance was fastest in heart and lungs (7–16 minutes), slowest in brain, liver and stomach (>75 minutes), and intermediate in kidneys, spleen and pancreas (22–50 minutes). Lung accumulation of [(11)C]d-methamphetamine was 30% higher for African Americans than Caucasians (p<0.05) but did not differ in other organs. CONCLUSIONS: The high accumulation of methamphetamine, a potent stimulant drug, in most body organs is likely to contribute to the medical complications associated with methamphetamine abuse. In particular, we speculate that methamphetamine's high pulmonary uptake could render this organ vulnerable to infections (tuberculosis) and pathology (pulmonary hypertension). Our preliminary findings of a higher lung accumulation of methamphetamine in African Americans than Caucasians merits further investigation and questions whether it could contribute to the infrequent use of methamphetamine among African Americans.
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spelling pubmed-29984192010-12-10 Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Methamphetamine in the Human Body: Clinical Implications Volkow, Nora D. Fowler, Joanna S. Wang, Gene-Jack Shumay, Elena Telang, Frank Thanos, Peter K. Alexoff, David PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine is one of the most toxic of the drugs of abuse, which may reflect its distribution and accumulation in the body. However no studies have measured methamphetamine's organ distribution in the human body. METHODS: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was used in conjunction with [(11)C]d-methamphetamine to measure its whole-body distribution and bioavailability as assessed by peak uptake (% Dose/cc), rate of clearance (time to reach 50% peak-clearance) and accumulation (area under the curve) in healthy participants (9 Caucasians and 10 African Americans). RESULTS: Methamphetamine distributed through most organs. Highest uptake (whole organ) occurred in lungs (22% Dose; weight ∼1246 g), liver (23%; weight ∼1677 g) and intermediate in brain (10%; weight ∼1600 g). Kidneys also showed high uptake (per/cc basis) (7%; weight 305 g). Methamphetamine's clearance was fastest in heart and lungs (7–16 minutes), slowest in brain, liver and stomach (>75 minutes), and intermediate in kidneys, spleen and pancreas (22–50 minutes). Lung accumulation of [(11)C]d-methamphetamine was 30% higher for African Americans than Caucasians (p<0.05) but did not differ in other organs. CONCLUSIONS: The high accumulation of methamphetamine, a potent stimulant drug, in most body organs is likely to contribute to the medical complications associated with methamphetamine abuse. In particular, we speculate that methamphetamine's high pulmonary uptake could render this organ vulnerable to infections (tuberculosis) and pathology (pulmonary hypertension). Our preliminary findings of a higher lung accumulation of methamphetamine in African Americans than Caucasians merits further investigation and questions whether it could contribute to the infrequent use of methamphetamine among African Americans. Public Library of Science 2010-12-07 /pmc/articles/PMC2998419/ /pubmed/21151866 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015269 Text en This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
spellingShingle Research Article
Volkow, Nora D.
Fowler, Joanna S.
Wang, Gene-Jack
Shumay, Elena
Telang, Frank
Thanos, Peter K.
Alexoff, David
Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Methamphetamine in the Human Body: Clinical Implications
title Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Methamphetamine in the Human Body: Clinical Implications
title_full Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Methamphetamine in the Human Body: Clinical Implications
title_fullStr Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Methamphetamine in the Human Body: Clinical Implications
title_full_unstemmed Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Methamphetamine in the Human Body: Clinical Implications
title_short Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Methamphetamine in the Human Body: Clinical Implications
title_sort distribution and pharmacokinetics of methamphetamine in the human body: clinical implications
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2998419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21151866
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015269
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