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Identifying the Age Cohort Responsible for Transmission in a Natural Outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica

Identifying the major routes of disease transmission and reservoirs of infection are needed to increase our understanding of disease dynamics and improve disease control. Despite this, transmission events are rarely observed directly. Here we had the unique opportunity to study natural transmission...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Long, Gráinne H., Sinha, Divya, Read, Andrew F., Pritt, Stacy, Kline, Barry, Harvill, Eric T., Hudson, Peter J., Bjørnstad, Ottar N.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3002977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21187891
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001224
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author Long, Gráinne H.
Sinha, Divya
Read, Andrew F.
Pritt, Stacy
Kline, Barry
Harvill, Eric T.
Hudson, Peter J.
Bjørnstad, Ottar N.
author_facet Long, Gráinne H.
Sinha, Divya
Read, Andrew F.
Pritt, Stacy
Kline, Barry
Harvill, Eric T.
Hudson, Peter J.
Bjørnstad, Ottar N.
author_sort Long, Gráinne H.
collection PubMed
description Identifying the major routes of disease transmission and reservoirs of infection are needed to increase our understanding of disease dynamics and improve disease control. Despite this, transmission events are rarely observed directly. Here we had the unique opportunity to study natural transmission of Bordetella bronchiseptica – a directly transmitted respiratory pathogen with a wide mammalian host range, including sporadic infection of humans – within a commercial rabbitry to evaluate the relative effects of sex and age on the transmission dynamics therein. We did this by developing an a priori set of hypotheses outlining how natural B. bronchiseptica infections may be transmitted between rabbits. We discriminated between these hypotheses by using force-of-infection estimates coupled with random effects binomial regression analysis of B. bronchiseptica age-prevalence data from within our rabbit population. Force-of-infection analysis allowed us to quantify the apparent prevalence of B. bronchiseptica while correcting for age structure. To determine whether transmission is largely within social groups (in this case litter), or from an external group, we used random-effect binomial regression to evaluate the importance of social mixing in disease spread. Between these two approaches our results support young weanlings – as opposed to, for example, breeder or maternal cohorts – as the age cohort primarily responsible for B. bronchiseptica transmission. Thus age-prevalence data, which is relatively easy to gather in clinical or agricultural settings, can be used to evaluate contact patterns and infer the likely age-cohort responsible for transmission of directly transmitted infections. These insights shed light on the dynamics of disease spread and allow an assessment to be made of the best methods for effective long-term disease control.
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spelling pubmed-30029772010-12-27 Identifying the Age Cohort Responsible for Transmission in a Natural Outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica Long, Gráinne H. Sinha, Divya Read, Andrew F. Pritt, Stacy Kline, Barry Harvill, Eric T. Hudson, Peter J. Bjørnstad, Ottar N. PLoS Pathog Research Article Identifying the major routes of disease transmission and reservoirs of infection are needed to increase our understanding of disease dynamics and improve disease control. Despite this, transmission events are rarely observed directly. Here we had the unique opportunity to study natural transmission of Bordetella bronchiseptica – a directly transmitted respiratory pathogen with a wide mammalian host range, including sporadic infection of humans – within a commercial rabbitry to evaluate the relative effects of sex and age on the transmission dynamics therein. We did this by developing an a priori set of hypotheses outlining how natural B. bronchiseptica infections may be transmitted between rabbits. We discriminated between these hypotheses by using force-of-infection estimates coupled with random effects binomial regression analysis of B. bronchiseptica age-prevalence data from within our rabbit population. Force-of-infection analysis allowed us to quantify the apparent prevalence of B. bronchiseptica while correcting for age structure. To determine whether transmission is largely within social groups (in this case litter), or from an external group, we used random-effect binomial regression to evaluate the importance of social mixing in disease spread. Between these two approaches our results support young weanlings – as opposed to, for example, breeder or maternal cohorts – as the age cohort primarily responsible for B. bronchiseptica transmission. Thus age-prevalence data, which is relatively easy to gather in clinical or agricultural settings, can be used to evaluate contact patterns and infer the likely age-cohort responsible for transmission of directly transmitted infections. These insights shed light on the dynamics of disease spread and allow an assessment to be made of the best methods for effective long-term disease control. Public Library of Science 2010-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC3002977/ /pubmed/21187891 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001224 Text en Long et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Long, Gráinne H.
Sinha, Divya
Read, Andrew F.
Pritt, Stacy
Kline, Barry
Harvill, Eric T.
Hudson, Peter J.
Bjørnstad, Ottar N.
Identifying the Age Cohort Responsible for Transmission in a Natural Outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica
title Identifying the Age Cohort Responsible for Transmission in a Natural Outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica
title_full Identifying the Age Cohort Responsible for Transmission in a Natural Outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica
title_fullStr Identifying the Age Cohort Responsible for Transmission in a Natural Outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica
title_full_unstemmed Identifying the Age Cohort Responsible for Transmission in a Natural Outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica
title_short Identifying the Age Cohort Responsible for Transmission in a Natural Outbreak of Bordetella bronchiseptica
title_sort identifying the age cohort responsible for transmission in a natural outbreak of bordetella bronchiseptica
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3002977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21187891
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001224
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