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Heterogeneity of human effector CD4(+ )T cells

For many years the heterogeneity of CD4(+ )T-helper (Th) cells has been limited to Th1 and Th2 cells, which have been considered not only to be responsible for different types of protective responses, but also for the pathogenesis of many disorders. Th1 cells are indeed protective against intracellu...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Annunziato, Francesco, Romagnani, Sergio
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2009
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3003504/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20053303
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar2843
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author Annunziato, Francesco
Romagnani, Sergio
author_facet Annunziato, Francesco
Romagnani, Sergio
author_sort Annunziato, Francesco
collection PubMed
description For many years the heterogeneity of CD4(+ )T-helper (Th) cells has been limited to Th1 and Th2 cells, which have been considered not only to be responsible for different types of protective responses, but also for the pathogenesis of many disorders. Th1 cells are indeed protective against intracellular microbes and they are thought to play a pathogenic role in organ-specific autoimmune and other chronic inflammatory disorders. Th2 cells provide protection against helminths, but are also responsible for the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The identification and cloning of new cytokines has allowed one to enlarge the series of functional subsets of CD4(+ )Th effector cells. In particular, CD4(+ )Th cells producing IL-17 and IL-22, named Th17, have been initially implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory disorders instead of Th1 cells. However, the more recent studies in both humans and mice suggest that Th17 cells exhibit a high plasticity toward Th1 cells and that both Th17 and Th1 cells may be pathogenic. More recently, another two subsets of effector CD4(+ )Th cells, named Th9 and Th22 cells, have been described, even if their pathophysiological meaning is still unclear. Despite the heterogeneity of CD4(+ )effector Th cells being higher than previously thought and some of their subsets exhibiting high plasticity, the Th1/Th2 paradigm still maintains a strong validity.
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spelling pubmed-30035042010-12-18 Heterogeneity of human effector CD4(+ )T cells Annunziato, Francesco Romagnani, Sergio Arthritis Res Ther Review For many years the heterogeneity of CD4(+ )T-helper (Th) cells has been limited to Th1 and Th2 cells, which have been considered not only to be responsible for different types of protective responses, but also for the pathogenesis of many disorders. Th1 cells are indeed protective against intracellular microbes and they are thought to play a pathogenic role in organ-specific autoimmune and other chronic inflammatory disorders. Th2 cells provide protection against helminths, but are also responsible for the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The identification and cloning of new cytokines has allowed one to enlarge the series of functional subsets of CD4(+ )Th effector cells. In particular, CD4(+ )Th cells producing IL-17 and IL-22, named Th17, have been initially implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory disorders instead of Th1 cells. However, the more recent studies in both humans and mice suggest that Th17 cells exhibit a high plasticity toward Th1 cells and that both Th17 and Th1 cells may be pathogenic. More recently, another two subsets of effector CD4(+ )Th cells, named Th9 and Th22 cells, have been described, even if their pathophysiological meaning is still unclear. Despite the heterogeneity of CD4(+ )effector Th cells being higher than previously thought and some of their subsets exhibiting high plasticity, the Th1/Th2 paradigm still maintains a strong validity. BioMed Central 2009 2009-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3003504/ /pubmed/20053303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar2843 Text en Copyright ©2009 BioMed Central Ltd
spellingShingle Review
Annunziato, Francesco
Romagnani, Sergio
Heterogeneity of human effector CD4(+ )T cells
title Heterogeneity of human effector CD4(+ )T cells
title_full Heterogeneity of human effector CD4(+ )T cells
title_fullStr Heterogeneity of human effector CD4(+ )T cells
title_full_unstemmed Heterogeneity of human effector CD4(+ )T cells
title_short Heterogeneity of human effector CD4(+ )T cells
title_sort heterogeneity of human effector cd4(+ )t cells
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3003504/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20053303
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar2843
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