Cargando…

Self-Mating in the Definitive Host Potentiates Clonal Outbreaks of the Apicomplexan Parasites Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii

Tissue-encysting coccidia, including Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona, are heterogamous parasites with sexual and asexual life stages in definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively. During its sexual life stage, T. gondii reproduces either by genetic out-crossing or via clonal amplifica...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wendte, Jered M., Miller, Melissa A., Lambourn, Dyanna M., Magargal, Spencer L., Jessup, David A., Grigg, Michael E.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3009688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21203443
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001261
_version_ 1782194730058121216
author Wendte, Jered M.
Miller, Melissa A.
Lambourn, Dyanna M.
Magargal, Spencer L.
Jessup, David A.
Grigg, Michael E.
author_facet Wendte, Jered M.
Miller, Melissa A.
Lambourn, Dyanna M.
Magargal, Spencer L.
Jessup, David A.
Grigg, Michael E.
author_sort Wendte, Jered M.
collection PubMed
description Tissue-encysting coccidia, including Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona, are heterogamous parasites with sexual and asexual life stages in definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively. During its sexual life stage, T. gondii reproduces either by genetic out-crossing or via clonal amplification of a single strain through self-mating. Out-crossing has been experimentally verified as a potent mechanism capable of producing offspring possessing a range of adaptive and virulence potentials. In contrast, selfing and other life history traits, such as asexual expansion of tissue-cysts by oral transmission among intermediate hosts, have been proposed to explain the genetic basis for the clonal population structure of T. gondii. In this study, we investigated the contributing roles self-mating and sexual recombination play in nature to maintain clonal population structures and produce or expand parasite clones capable of causing disease epidemics for two tissue encysting parasites. We applied high-resolution genotyping against strains isolated from a T. gondii waterborne outbreak that caused symptomatic disease in 155 immune-competent people in Brazil and a S. neurona outbreak that resulted in a mass mortality event in Southern sea otters. In both cases, a single, genetically distinct clone was found infecting outbreak-exposed individuals. Furthermore, the T. gondii outbreak clone was one of several apparently recombinant progeny recovered from the local environment. Since oocysts or sporocysts were the infectious form implicated in each outbreak, the expansion of the epidemic clone can be explained by self-mating. The results also show that out-crossing preceded selfing to produce the virulent T. gondii clone. For the tissue encysting coccidia, self-mating exists as a key adaptation potentiating the epidemic expansion and transmission of newly emerged parasite clones that can profoundly shape parasite population genetic structures or cause devastating disease outbreaks.
format Text
id pubmed-3009688
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2010
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-30096882011-01-03 Self-Mating in the Definitive Host Potentiates Clonal Outbreaks of the Apicomplexan Parasites Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii Wendte, Jered M. Miller, Melissa A. Lambourn, Dyanna M. Magargal, Spencer L. Jessup, David A. Grigg, Michael E. PLoS Genet Research Article Tissue-encysting coccidia, including Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis neurona, are heterogamous parasites with sexual and asexual life stages in definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively. During its sexual life stage, T. gondii reproduces either by genetic out-crossing or via clonal amplification of a single strain through self-mating. Out-crossing has been experimentally verified as a potent mechanism capable of producing offspring possessing a range of adaptive and virulence potentials. In contrast, selfing and other life history traits, such as asexual expansion of tissue-cysts by oral transmission among intermediate hosts, have been proposed to explain the genetic basis for the clonal population structure of T. gondii. In this study, we investigated the contributing roles self-mating and sexual recombination play in nature to maintain clonal population structures and produce or expand parasite clones capable of causing disease epidemics for two tissue encysting parasites. We applied high-resolution genotyping against strains isolated from a T. gondii waterborne outbreak that caused symptomatic disease in 155 immune-competent people in Brazil and a S. neurona outbreak that resulted in a mass mortality event in Southern sea otters. In both cases, a single, genetically distinct clone was found infecting outbreak-exposed individuals. Furthermore, the T. gondii outbreak clone was one of several apparently recombinant progeny recovered from the local environment. Since oocysts or sporocysts were the infectious form implicated in each outbreak, the expansion of the epidemic clone can be explained by self-mating. The results also show that out-crossing preceded selfing to produce the virulent T. gondii clone. For the tissue encysting coccidia, self-mating exists as a key adaptation potentiating the epidemic expansion and transmission of newly emerged parasite clones that can profoundly shape parasite population genetic structures or cause devastating disease outbreaks. Public Library of Science 2010-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC3009688/ /pubmed/21203443 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001261 Text en This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wendte, Jered M.
Miller, Melissa A.
Lambourn, Dyanna M.
Magargal, Spencer L.
Jessup, David A.
Grigg, Michael E.
Self-Mating in the Definitive Host Potentiates Clonal Outbreaks of the Apicomplexan Parasites Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii
title Self-Mating in the Definitive Host Potentiates Clonal Outbreaks of the Apicomplexan Parasites Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii
title_full Self-Mating in the Definitive Host Potentiates Clonal Outbreaks of the Apicomplexan Parasites Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii
title_fullStr Self-Mating in the Definitive Host Potentiates Clonal Outbreaks of the Apicomplexan Parasites Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii
title_full_unstemmed Self-Mating in the Definitive Host Potentiates Clonal Outbreaks of the Apicomplexan Parasites Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii
title_short Self-Mating in the Definitive Host Potentiates Clonal Outbreaks of the Apicomplexan Parasites Sarcocystis neurona and Toxoplasma gondii
title_sort self-mating in the definitive host potentiates clonal outbreaks of the apicomplexan parasites sarcocystis neurona and toxoplasma gondii
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3009688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21203443
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001261
work_keys_str_mv AT wendtejeredm selfmatinginthedefinitivehostpotentiatesclonaloutbreaksoftheapicomplexanparasitessarcocystisneuronaandtoxoplasmagondii
AT millermelissaa selfmatinginthedefinitivehostpotentiatesclonaloutbreaksoftheapicomplexanparasitessarcocystisneuronaandtoxoplasmagondii
AT lambourndyannam selfmatinginthedefinitivehostpotentiatesclonaloutbreaksoftheapicomplexanparasitessarcocystisneuronaandtoxoplasmagondii
AT magargalspencerl selfmatinginthedefinitivehostpotentiatesclonaloutbreaksoftheapicomplexanparasitessarcocystisneuronaandtoxoplasmagondii
AT jessupdavida selfmatinginthedefinitivehostpotentiatesclonaloutbreaksoftheapicomplexanparasitessarcocystisneuronaandtoxoplasmagondii
AT griggmichaele selfmatinginthedefinitivehostpotentiatesclonaloutbreaksoftheapicomplexanparasitessarcocystisneuronaandtoxoplasmagondii