Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in the Elderly

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly patients at a single institution. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients ≥65 years of age who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy over a 5-year period (January 1995 to December 1999). Four-trocar site laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the open Hasson technique were performed in all patients. The demographic data (age, sex), associated comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologist's (ASA) score, postoperative morbidity, mortality, and length of stay were recorded for each patient. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher's exact test and chi-square analysis. Statistical significance was defined as P≤0.05. RESULTS: The patient cohort included 46 patients with a median age of 71 years (range, 65 to 87). Seventeen (37%) patients were ≤70 years of age, and twenty-nine (63%) patients were ≥70 years of age. Twenty-two (48%) patients had ASA scores of ≥3. Patients ≥70 had significantly higher ASA scores. Eighteen patients ≥70 years had ASA ≥3 compared with 4 patients ≤70 with ASA≥3 (P<0.05). Twenty-two patients ≥70 and 8 patients ≤70 required urgent surgery P<0.05). Fifteen (33%) patients presented with acute cholecystitis, and 31 (67%) patients presented with a greater number of chronic symptoms. Four (9%) patients had pancreatitis on presentation, and 6 patients underwent preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Two of these 6 patients also underwent sphincterotomy. Urgent surgery was performed in 30 (65%) patients. The mean operative time was 103±37(SD) minutes. One (2%) conversion to open cholecystectomy was required. The mean postoperative stay was 7 days (range, 1 to 46). Fourteen (30%) patients had only a 1-night postoperative stay. Patients ≥70 had significantly longer postoperative stays. Nine patients ≥70 and only 1 patient ≤70 stayed in the hospital for more than 7 days. Postoperative complications were noted in 6 (13%) patients, most of which were chest infections. Five patients ≥70 and only 1 patient ≤70 developed postoperative complications. No mortalities occurred. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and feasible in elderly patients. Patients ≥70 years seem to have a longer postoperative stay and slightly more postoperative complications. Age alone should not be a contraindication to laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the elderly patient.