Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis Cured with Resection of an Adnexal Mass

BACKGROUND: Paraneoplastic syndromes are a heterogeneous collection of disease manifestations caused by underlying neoplasms, which can include adnexal masses. CASE: We report a case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis consisting of confusion, agitation, and aggression, which subsequently progressed to a comatose state, in the presence of an adnexal mass. It was cured with resection of a mature teratoma with focal immature components. CONCLUSION: Female patients who present with symptoms of limbic encephalitis should be thoroughly screened for malignancy. Gynecologic consultation is an important component of the diagnostic workup when an adnexal mass has been identified. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a serious condition, yet it has a good prognosis if treated promptly with surgical resection of the adnexal mass.