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Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica

Ocean acidification is a well recognised threat to marine ecosystems. High latitude regions are predicted to be particularly affected due to cold waters and naturally low carbonate saturation levels. This is of concern for organisms utilising calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) to generate shells or skeleto...

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Autores principales: Cummings, Vonda, Hewitt, Judi, Van Rooyen, Anthony, Currie, Kim, Beard, Samuel, Thrush, Simon, Norkko, Joanna, Barr, Neill, Heath, Philip, Halliday, N. Jane, Sedcole, Richard, Gomez, Antony, McGraw, Christina, Metcalf, Victoria
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3016332/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21245932
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016069
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author Cummings, Vonda
Hewitt, Judi
Van Rooyen, Anthony
Currie, Kim
Beard, Samuel
Thrush, Simon
Norkko, Joanna
Barr, Neill
Heath, Philip
Halliday, N. Jane
Sedcole, Richard
Gomez, Antony
McGraw, Christina
Metcalf, Victoria
author_facet Cummings, Vonda
Hewitt, Judi
Van Rooyen, Anthony
Currie, Kim
Beard, Samuel
Thrush, Simon
Norkko, Joanna
Barr, Neill
Heath, Philip
Halliday, N. Jane
Sedcole, Richard
Gomez, Antony
McGraw, Christina
Metcalf, Victoria
author_sort Cummings, Vonda
collection PubMed
description Ocean acidification is a well recognised threat to marine ecosystems. High latitude regions are predicted to be particularly affected due to cold waters and naturally low carbonate saturation levels. This is of concern for organisms utilising calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) to generate shells or skeletons. Studies of potential effects of future levels of pCO(2) on high latitude calcifiers are at present limited, and there is little understanding of their potential to acclimate to these changes. We describe a laboratory experiment to compare physiological and metabolic responses of a key benthic bivalve, Laternula elliptica, at pCO(2) levels of their natural environment (430 µatm, pH 7.99; based on field measurements) with those predicted for 2100 (735 µatm, pH 7.78) and glacial levels (187 µatm, pH 8.32). Adult L. elliptica basal metabolism (oxygen consumption rates) and heat shock protein HSP70 gene expression levels increased in response both to lowering and elevation of pH. Expression of chitin synthase (CHS), a key enzyme involved in synthesis of bivalve shells, was significantly up-regulated in individuals at pH 7.78, indicating L. elliptica were working harder to calcify in seawater undersaturated in aragonite (Ω(Ar) = 0.71), the CaCO(3) polymorph of which their shells are comprised. The different response variables were influenced by pH in differing ways, highlighting the importance of assessing a variety of factors to determine the likely impact of pH change. In combination, the results indicate a negative effect of ocean acidification on whole-organism functioning of L. elliptica over relatively short terms (weeks-months) that may be energetically difficult to maintain over longer time periods. Importantly, however, the observed changes in L. elliptica CHS gene expression provides evidence for biological control over the shell formation process, which may enable some degree of adaptation or acclimation to future ocean acidification scenarios.
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spelling pubmed-30163322011-01-18 Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica Cummings, Vonda Hewitt, Judi Van Rooyen, Anthony Currie, Kim Beard, Samuel Thrush, Simon Norkko, Joanna Barr, Neill Heath, Philip Halliday, N. Jane Sedcole, Richard Gomez, Antony McGraw, Christina Metcalf, Victoria PLoS One Research Article Ocean acidification is a well recognised threat to marine ecosystems. High latitude regions are predicted to be particularly affected due to cold waters and naturally low carbonate saturation levels. This is of concern for organisms utilising calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) to generate shells or skeletons. Studies of potential effects of future levels of pCO(2) on high latitude calcifiers are at present limited, and there is little understanding of their potential to acclimate to these changes. We describe a laboratory experiment to compare physiological and metabolic responses of a key benthic bivalve, Laternula elliptica, at pCO(2) levels of their natural environment (430 µatm, pH 7.99; based on field measurements) with those predicted for 2100 (735 µatm, pH 7.78) and glacial levels (187 µatm, pH 8.32). Adult L. elliptica basal metabolism (oxygen consumption rates) and heat shock protein HSP70 gene expression levels increased in response both to lowering and elevation of pH. Expression of chitin synthase (CHS), a key enzyme involved in synthesis of bivalve shells, was significantly up-regulated in individuals at pH 7.78, indicating L. elliptica were working harder to calcify in seawater undersaturated in aragonite (Ω(Ar) = 0.71), the CaCO(3) polymorph of which their shells are comprised. The different response variables were influenced by pH in differing ways, highlighting the importance of assessing a variety of factors to determine the likely impact of pH change. In combination, the results indicate a negative effect of ocean acidification on whole-organism functioning of L. elliptica over relatively short terms (weeks-months) that may be energetically difficult to maintain over longer time periods. Importantly, however, the observed changes in L. elliptica CHS gene expression provides evidence for biological control over the shell formation process, which may enable some degree of adaptation or acclimation to future ocean acidification scenarios. Public Library of Science 2011-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC3016332/ /pubmed/21245932 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016069 Text en Cummings et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Cummings, Vonda
Hewitt, Judi
Van Rooyen, Anthony
Currie, Kim
Beard, Samuel
Thrush, Simon
Norkko, Joanna
Barr, Neill
Heath, Philip
Halliday, N. Jane
Sedcole, Richard
Gomez, Antony
McGraw, Christina
Metcalf, Victoria
Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica
title Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica
title_full Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica
title_fullStr Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica
title_full_unstemmed Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica
title_short Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: Potential Effects on Functioning of the Antarctic Bivalve Laternula elliptica
title_sort ocean acidification at high latitudes: potential effects on functioning of the antarctic bivalve laternula elliptica
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3016332/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21245932
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016069
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