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Influence of Enriched Environment on Viral Encephalitis Outcomes: Behavioral and Neuropathological Changes in Albino Swiss Mice

An enriched environment has previously been described as enhancing natural killer cell activity of recognizing and killing virally infected cells. However, the effects of environmental enrichment on behavioral changes in relation to virus clearance and the neuropathology of encephalitis have not bee...

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Autores principales: de Sousa, Aline Andrade, Reis, Renata, Bento-Torres, João, Trévia, Nonata, Lins, Nara Alves de Almeida, Passos, Aline, Santos, Zaire, Diniz, José Antonio Picanço, Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa, Cunningham, Colm, Perry, Victor Hugh, Picanço Diniz, Cristovam Wanderley
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3019164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21264301
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015597
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author de Sousa, Aline Andrade
Reis, Renata
Bento-Torres, João
Trévia, Nonata
Lins, Nara Alves de Almeida
Passos, Aline
Santos, Zaire
Diniz, José Antonio Picanço
Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa
Cunningham, Colm
Perry, Victor Hugh
Picanço Diniz, Cristovam Wanderley
author_facet de Sousa, Aline Andrade
Reis, Renata
Bento-Torres, João
Trévia, Nonata
Lins, Nara Alves de Almeida
Passos, Aline
Santos, Zaire
Diniz, José Antonio Picanço
Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa
Cunningham, Colm
Perry, Victor Hugh
Picanço Diniz, Cristovam Wanderley
author_sort de Sousa, Aline Andrade
collection PubMed
description An enriched environment has previously been described as enhancing natural killer cell activity of recognizing and killing virally infected cells. However, the effects of environmental enrichment on behavioral changes in relation to virus clearance and the neuropathology of encephalitis have not been studied in detail. We tested the hypothesis that environmental enrichment leads to less CNS neuroinvasion and/or more rapid viral clearance in association with T cells without neuronal damage. Stereology-based estimates of activated microglia perineuronal nets and neurons in CA3 were correlated with behavioral changes in the Piry rhabdovirus model of encephalitis in the albino Swiss mouse. Two-month-old female mice maintained in impoverished (IE) or enriched environments (EE) for 3 months were behaviorally tested. After the tests, an equal volume of Piry virus (IEPy, EEPy)-infected or normal brain homogenates were nasally instilled. Eight days post-instillation (dpi), when behavioral changes became apparent, brains were fixed and processed to detect viral antigens, activated microglia, perineuronal nets, and T lymphocytes by immuno- or histochemical reactions. At 20 or 40 dpi, the remaining animals were behaviorally tested and processed for the same markers. In IEPy mice, burrowing activity decreased and recovered earlier (8–10 dpi) than open field (20–40 dpi) but remained unaltered in the EEPy group. EEPy mice presented higher T-cell infiltration, less CNS cell infection by the virus and/or faster virus clearance, less microgliosis, and less damage to the extracellular matrix than IEPy. In both EEPy and IEPy animals, CA3 neuronal number remained unaltered. The results suggest that an enriched environment promotes a more effective immune response to clear CNS virus and not at the cost of CNS damage.
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spelling pubmed-30191642011-01-24 Influence of Enriched Environment on Viral Encephalitis Outcomes: Behavioral and Neuropathological Changes in Albino Swiss Mice de Sousa, Aline Andrade Reis, Renata Bento-Torres, João Trévia, Nonata Lins, Nara Alves de Almeida Passos, Aline Santos, Zaire Diniz, José Antonio Picanço Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa Cunningham, Colm Perry, Victor Hugh Picanço Diniz, Cristovam Wanderley PLoS One Research Article An enriched environment has previously been described as enhancing natural killer cell activity of recognizing and killing virally infected cells. However, the effects of environmental enrichment on behavioral changes in relation to virus clearance and the neuropathology of encephalitis have not been studied in detail. We tested the hypothesis that environmental enrichment leads to less CNS neuroinvasion and/or more rapid viral clearance in association with T cells without neuronal damage. Stereology-based estimates of activated microglia perineuronal nets and neurons in CA3 were correlated with behavioral changes in the Piry rhabdovirus model of encephalitis in the albino Swiss mouse. Two-month-old female mice maintained in impoverished (IE) or enriched environments (EE) for 3 months were behaviorally tested. After the tests, an equal volume of Piry virus (IEPy, EEPy)-infected or normal brain homogenates were nasally instilled. Eight days post-instillation (dpi), when behavioral changes became apparent, brains were fixed and processed to detect viral antigens, activated microglia, perineuronal nets, and T lymphocytes by immuno- or histochemical reactions. At 20 or 40 dpi, the remaining animals were behaviorally tested and processed for the same markers. In IEPy mice, burrowing activity decreased and recovered earlier (8–10 dpi) than open field (20–40 dpi) but remained unaltered in the EEPy group. EEPy mice presented higher T-cell infiltration, less CNS cell infection by the virus and/or faster virus clearance, less microgliosis, and less damage to the extracellular matrix than IEPy. In both EEPy and IEPy animals, CA3 neuronal number remained unaltered. The results suggest that an enriched environment promotes a more effective immune response to clear CNS virus and not at the cost of CNS damage. Public Library of Science 2011-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC3019164/ /pubmed/21264301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015597 Text en de Sousa et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
de Sousa, Aline Andrade
Reis, Renata
Bento-Torres, João
Trévia, Nonata
Lins, Nara Alves de Almeida
Passos, Aline
Santos, Zaire
Diniz, José Antonio Picanço
Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa
Cunningham, Colm
Perry, Victor Hugh
Picanço Diniz, Cristovam Wanderley
Influence of Enriched Environment on Viral Encephalitis Outcomes: Behavioral and Neuropathological Changes in Albino Swiss Mice
title Influence of Enriched Environment on Viral Encephalitis Outcomes: Behavioral and Neuropathological Changes in Albino Swiss Mice
title_full Influence of Enriched Environment on Viral Encephalitis Outcomes: Behavioral and Neuropathological Changes in Albino Swiss Mice
title_fullStr Influence of Enriched Environment on Viral Encephalitis Outcomes: Behavioral and Neuropathological Changes in Albino Swiss Mice
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Enriched Environment on Viral Encephalitis Outcomes: Behavioral and Neuropathological Changes in Albino Swiss Mice
title_short Influence of Enriched Environment on Viral Encephalitis Outcomes: Behavioral and Neuropathological Changes in Albino Swiss Mice
title_sort influence of enriched environment on viral encephalitis outcomes: behavioral and neuropathological changes in albino swiss mice
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3019164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21264301
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015597
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