Cargando…
Acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection
Similarities in the immunobiology of different parasitic worm infections indicate that co-evolution of humans and helminths has shaped a common anti-helminth immune response. However, recent in vitro and immuno-epidemiological studies highlight fundamental differences and plasticity within host-helm...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cambridge University Press
2011
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021922/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20946693 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182010001216 |
_version_ | 1782196445178232832 |
---|---|
author | BOURKE, C. D. MAIZELS, R. M. MUTAPI, F. |
author_facet | BOURKE, C. D. MAIZELS, R. M. MUTAPI, F. |
author_sort | BOURKE, C. D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Similarities in the immunobiology of different parasitic worm infections indicate that co-evolution of humans and helminths has shaped a common anti-helminth immune response. However, recent in vitro and immuno-epidemiological studies highlight fundamental differences and plasticity within host-helminth interactions. The ‘trade-off’ between immunity and immunopathology inherent in host immune responses occurs on a background of genetic polymorphism, variable exposure patterns and infection history. For the parasite, variation in life-cycle and antigen expression can influence the effector responses directed against them. This is particularly apparent when comparing gastrointestinal and tissue-dwelling helminths. Furthermore, insights into the impact of anti-helminthic treatment and co-infection on acquired immunity suggest that immune heterogeneity arises not from hosts and parasites in isolation, but also from the environment in which immune responses develop. Large-scale differences observed in the epidemiology of human helminthiases are a product of complex host-parasite-environment interactions which, given potential for exposure to parasite antigens in utero, can arise even before a parasite interacts with its human host. This review summarizes key differences identified in human acquired immune responses to nematode and trematode infections of public health importance and explores the factors contributing to these variations. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-3021922 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Cambridge University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-30219222011-02-08 Acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection BOURKE, C. D. MAIZELS, R. M. MUTAPI, F. Parasitology Review Article Similarities in the immunobiology of different parasitic worm infections indicate that co-evolution of humans and helminths has shaped a common anti-helminth immune response. However, recent in vitro and immuno-epidemiological studies highlight fundamental differences and plasticity within host-helminth interactions. The ‘trade-off’ between immunity and immunopathology inherent in host immune responses occurs on a background of genetic polymorphism, variable exposure patterns and infection history. For the parasite, variation in life-cycle and antigen expression can influence the effector responses directed against them. This is particularly apparent when comparing gastrointestinal and tissue-dwelling helminths. Furthermore, insights into the impact of anti-helminthic treatment and co-infection on acquired immunity suggest that immune heterogeneity arises not from hosts and parasites in isolation, but also from the environment in which immune responses develop. Large-scale differences observed in the epidemiology of human helminthiases are a product of complex host-parasite-environment interactions which, given potential for exposure to parasite antigens in utero, can arise even before a parasite interacts with its human host. This review summarizes key differences identified in human acquired immune responses to nematode and trematode infections of public health importance and explores the factors contributing to these variations. Cambridge University Press 2011-02 2010-10-15 /pmc/articles/PMC3021922/ /pubmed/20946693 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182010001216 Text en Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010 The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence <http://creative commons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/>. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence <http://creative commons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/>. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use. |
spellingShingle | Review Article BOURKE, C. D. MAIZELS, R. M. MUTAPI, F. Acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection |
title | Acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection |
title_full | Acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection |
title_fullStr | Acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection |
title_short | Acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection |
title_sort | acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021922/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20946693 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182010001216 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT bourkecd acquiredimmuneheterogeneityanditssourcesinhumanhelminthinfection AT maizelsrm acquiredimmuneheterogeneityanditssourcesinhumanhelminthinfection AT mutapif acquiredimmuneheterogeneityanditssourcesinhumanhelminthinfection |