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Hexokinase 2 is a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis and promotes tumor growth in human glioblastoma multiforme

Proliferating embryonic and cancer cells preferentially use aerobic glycolysis to support growth, a metabolic alteration commonly referred to as the “Warburg effect.” Here, we show that the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) is crucial for the Warburg effect in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM),...

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Autores principales: Wolf, Amparo, Agnihotri, Sameer, Micallef, Johann, Mukherjee, Joydeep, Sabha, Nesrin, Cairns, Rob, Hawkins, Cynthia, Guha, Abhijit
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Rockefeller University Press 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3039857/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21242296
http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20101470
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author Wolf, Amparo
Agnihotri, Sameer
Micallef, Johann
Mukherjee, Joydeep
Sabha, Nesrin
Cairns, Rob
Hawkins, Cynthia
Guha, Abhijit
author_facet Wolf, Amparo
Agnihotri, Sameer
Micallef, Johann
Mukherjee, Joydeep
Sabha, Nesrin
Cairns, Rob
Hawkins, Cynthia
Guha, Abhijit
author_sort Wolf, Amparo
collection PubMed
description Proliferating embryonic and cancer cells preferentially use aerobic glycolysis to support growth, a metabolic alteration commonly referred to as the “Warburg effect.” Here, we show that the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) is crucial for the Warburg effect in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor. In contrast to normal brain and low-grade gliomas, which express predominantly HK1, GBMs show increased HK2 expression. HK2 expression correlates with worse overall survival of GBM patients. Depletion of HK2, but neither HK1 nor pyruvate kinase M2, in GBM cells restored oxidative glucose metabolism and increased sensitivity to cell death inducers such as radiation and temozolomide. Intracranial xenografts of HK2-depleted GBM cells showed decreased proliferation and angiogenesis, but increased invasion, as well as diminished expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor. In contrast, exogenous HK2 expression in GBM cells led to increased proliferation, therapeutic resistance, and intracranial growth. Growth was dependent on both glucose phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation mediated by AKT signaling, which is often aberrantly activated in GBMs. Collectively, these findings suggest that therapeutic strategies to modulate the Warburg effect, such as targeting of HK2, may interfere with growth and therapeutic sensitivity of some GBMs.
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spelling pubmed-30398572011-08-14 Hexokinase 2 is a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis and promotes tumor growth in human glioblastoma multiforme Wolf, Amparo Agnihotri, Sameer Micallef, Johann Mukherjee, Joydeep Sabha, Nesrin Cairns, Rob Hawkins, Cynthia Guha, Abhijit J Exp Med Article Proliferating embryonic and cancer cells preferentially use aerobic glycolysis to support growth, a metabolic alteration commonly referred to as the “Warburg effect.” Here, we show that the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) is crucial for the Warburg effect in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor. In contrast to normal brain and low-grade gliomas, which express predominantly HK1, GBMs show increased HK2 expression. HK2 expression correlates with worse overall survival of GBM patients. Depletion of HK2, but neither HK1 nor pyruvate kinase M2, in GBM cells restored oxidative glucose metabolism and increased sensitivity to cell death inducers such as radiation and temozolomide. Intracranial xenografts of HK2-depleted GBM cells showed decreased proliferation and angiogenesis, but increased invasion, as well as diminished expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor. In contrast, exogenous HK2 expression in GBM cells led to increased proliferation, therapeutic resistance, and intracranial growth. Growth was dependent on both glucose phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation mediated by AKT signaling, which is often aberrantly activated in GBMs. Collectively, these findings suggest that therapeutic strategies to modulate the Warburg effect, such as targeting of HK2, may interfere with growth and therapeutic sensitivity of some GBMs. The Rockefeller University Press 2011-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3039857/ /pubmed/21242296 http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20101470 Text en © 2011 Wolf et al. This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wolf, Amparo
Agnihotri, Sameer
Micallef, Johann
Mukherjee, Joydeep
Sabha, Nesrin
Cairns, Rob
Hawkins, Cynthia
Guha, Abhijit
Hexokinase 2 is a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis and promotes tumor growth in human glioblastoma multiforme
title Hexokinase 2 is a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis and promotes tumor growth in human glioblastoma multiforme
title_full Hexokinase 2 is a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis and promotes tumor growth in human glioblastoma multiforme
title_fullStr Hexokinase 2 is a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis and promotes tumor growth in human glioblastoma multiforme
title_full_unstemmed Hexokinase 2 is a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis and promotes tumor growth in human glioblastoma multiforme
title_short Hexokinase 2 is a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis and promotes tumor growth in human glioblastoma multiforme
title_sort hexokinase 2 is a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis and promotes tumor growth in human glioblastoma multiforme
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3039857/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21242296
http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20101470
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