Cargando…

Neuropathology and Neurochemistry of Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson disease (PD) is no longer considered a complex motor disorder characterized by Parkinsonism but rather a systemic disease with variegated non-motor deficits and neurological symptoms, including impaired olfaction, autonomic failure, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. Many of t...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Ferrer, Isidro
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3043318/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21403906
http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/708404
_version_ 1782198626157592576
author Ferrer, Isidro
author_facet Ferrer, Isidro
author_sort Ferrer, Isidro
collection PubMed
description Parkinson disease (PD) is no longer considered a complex motor disorder characterized by Parkinsonism but rather a systemic disease with variegated non-motor deficits and neurological symptoms, including impaired olfaction, autonomic failure, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. Many of these alterations appear before or in parallel with motor deficits and then worsen with disease progression. Although there is a close relation between motor symptoms and the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) and neurites filled with abnormal α-synuclein, other neurological alterations are independent of the amount of α-synuclein inclusions in neurons and neurites, thereby indicating that different mechanisms probably converge in the degenerative process. Involvement of the cerebral cortex that may lead to altered behaviour and cognition are related to several convergent factors such as (a) abnormal α-synuclein and other proteins at the synapses, rather than LBs and neurites, (b) impaired dopaminergic, noradrenergic, cholinergic and serotoninergic cortical innervation, and (c) altered neuronal function resulting from reduced energy production and increased energy demands. These alterations appear at early stages of the disease and may precede by years the appearance of cell loss and cortical atrophy.
format Text
id pubmed-3043318
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2011
publisher SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-30433182011-03-14 Neuropathology and Neurochemistry of Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease Ferrer, Isidro Parkinsons Dis Review Article Parkinson disease (PD) is no longer considered a complex motor disorder characterized by Parkinsonism but rather a systemic disease with variegated non-motor deficits and neurological symptoms, including impaired olfaction, autonomic failure, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. Many of these alterations appear before or in parallel with motor deficits and then worsen with disease progression. Although there is a close relation between motor symptoms and the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) and neurites filled with abnormal α-synuclein, other neurological alterations are independent of the amount of α-synuclein inclusions in neurons and neurites, thereby indicating that different mechanisms probably converge in the degenerative process. Involvement of the cerebral cortex that may lead to altered behaviour and cognition are related to several convergent factors such as (a) abnormal α-synuclein and other proteins at the synapses, rather than LBs and neurites, (b) impaired dopaminergic, noradrenergic, cholinergic and serotoninergic cortical innervation, and (c) altered neuronal function resulting from reduced energy production and increased energy demands. These alterations appear at early stages of the disease and may precede by years the appearance of cell loss and cortical atrophy. SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research 2011-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC3043318/ /pubmed/21403906 http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/708404 Text en Copyright © 2011 Isidro Ferrer. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Ferrer, Isidro
Neuropathology and Neurochemistry of Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
title Neuropathology and Neurochemistry of Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
title_full Neuropathology and Neurochemistry of Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
title_fullStr Neuropathology and Neurochemistry of Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
title_full_unstemmed Neuropathology and Neurochemistry of Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
title_short Neuropathology and Neurochemistry of Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
title_sort neuropathology and neurochemistry of nonmotor symptoms in parkinson's disease
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3043318/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21403906
http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/708404
work_keys_str_mv AT ferrerisidro neuropathologyandneurochemistryofnonmotorsymptomsinparkinsonsdisease