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Common Secondary Causes of Resistant Hypertension and Rational for Treatment
Resistant hypertension is defined as uncontrolled blood pressure despite the use of three antihypertensive drugs, including a diuretic, in optimal doses. Treatment resistance can be attributed to poor adherence to antihypertensive drugs, excessive salt intake, physician inertia, inappropriate or ina...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research
2011
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057025/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21423678 http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/236239 |
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author | Faselis, Charles Doumas, Michael Papademetriou, Vasilios |
author_facet | Faselis, Charles Doumas, Michael Papademetriou, Vasilios |
author_sort | Faselis, Charles |
collection | PubMed |
description | Resistant hypertension is defined as uncontrolled blood pressure despite the use of three antihypertensive drugs, including a diuretic, in optimal doses. Treatment resistance can be attributed to poor adherence to antihypertensive drugs, excessive salt intake, physician inertia, inappropriate or inadequate medication, and secondary hypertension. Drug-induced hypertension, obstructive sleep apnoea, primary aldosteronism, and chronic kidney disease represent the most common secondary causes of resistant hypertension. Several drugs can induce or exacerbate pre-existing hypertension, with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs being the most common due to their wide use. Obstructive sleep apnoea and primary aldosteronism are frequently encountered in patients with resistant hypertension and require expert management. Hypertension is commonly found in patients with chronic kidney disease and is frequently resistant to treatment, while the management of renovascular hypertension remains controversial. A step-by-step approach of patients with resistant hypertension is proposed at the end of this review paper. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-3057025 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-30570252011-03-21 Common Secondary Causes of Resistant Hypertension and Rational for Treatment Faselis, Charles Doumas, Michael Papademetriou, Vasilios Int J Hypertens Review Article Resistant hypertension is defined as uncontrolled blood pressure despite the use of three antihypertensive drugs, including a diuretic, in optimal doses. Treatment resistance can be attributed to poor adherence to antihypertensive drugs, excessive salt intake, physician inertia, inappropriate or inadequate medication, and secondary hypertension. Drug-induced hypertension, obstructive sleep apnoea, primary aldosteronism, and chronic kidney disease represent the most common secondary causes of resistant hypertension. Several drugs can induce or exacerbate pre-existing hypertension, with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs being the most common due to their wide use. Obstructive sleep apnoea and primary aldosteronism are frequently encountered in patients with resistant hypertension and require expert management. Hypertension is commonly found in patients with chronic kidney disease and is frequently resistant to treatment, while the management of renovascular hypertension remains controversial. A step-by-step approach of patients with resistant hypertension is proposed at the end of this review paper. SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research 2011-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3057025/ /pubmed/21423678 http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/236239 Text en Copyright © 2011 Charles Faselis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Faselis, Charles Doumas, Michael Papademetriou, Vasilios Common Secondary Causes of Resistant Hypertension and Rational for Treatment |
title | Common Secondary Causes of Resistant Hypertension and Rational for Treatment |
title_full | Common Secondary Causes of Resistant Hypertension and Rational for Treatment |
title_fullStr | Common Secondary Causes of Resistant Hypertension and Rational for Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Common Secondary Causes of Resistant Hypertension and Rational for Treatment |
title_short | Common Secondary Causes of Resistant Hypertension and Rational for Treatment |
title_sort | common secondary causes of resistant hypertension and rational for treatment |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057025/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21423678 http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/236239 |
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