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The threshold level of urinary cadmium associated with increased urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein and β(2)-microglobulin: a re-assessment in a large cohort of nickel-cadmium battery workers
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the threshold value of urinary cadmium (CdU) for renal dysfunction on the basis of relationships unconfounded by protein degradation, diuresis and the renal effects associated with chronic smoking. METHODS: We studied 599 workers (451 men, mean age 45.4 years) who were employe...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Group
2010
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3060309/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20935291 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.054122 |