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Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review
Endothelin is a potent vasoactive peptide occurring in three isotypes, ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3. Through its two main receptors, endothelin A and endothelin B, it is responsible for a variety of physiological functions, primarily blood flow control. Recent evidence from both human and animal models show...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2010
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065050/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21461356 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/354645 |
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author | Salvatore, Serena Vingolo, Enzo Maria |
author_facet | Salvatore, Serena Vingolo, Enzo Maria |
author_sort | Salvatore, Serena |
collection | PubMed |
description | Endothelin is a potent vasoactive peptide occurring in three isotypes, ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3. Through its two main receptors, endothelin A and endothelin B, it is responsible for a variety of physiological functions, primarily blood flow control. Recent evidence from both human and animal models shows involvement of endothelin in diabetes, retinal circulation, and optic neuropathies. Increased circulating levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) have been found in patients with diabetes, and a positive correlation between plasma ET-1 levels and microangiopathy in patients with type-2 diabetes has been demonstrated. In addition to its direct vasoconstrictor effects, enhanced levels of ET-1 may contribute to endothelial dysfunction through inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production. Experimental studies have shown that chronic ET-1 administration to the optic nerve immediately behind the globe causes neuronal damage, activation of astrocytes, the major glial cell in the anterior optic nerve, and upregulation of endothelin B receptors. This paper outlines the ubiquitous role of endothelin and its potential involvement in ophthalmology. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-3065050 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2010 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-30650502011-03-31 Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review Salvatore, Serena Vingolo, Enzo Maria J Ophthalmol Review Article Endothelin is a potent vasoactive peptide occurring in three isotypes, ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3. Through its two main receptors, endothelin A and endothelin B, it is responsible for a variety of physiological functions, primarily blood flow control. Recent evidence from both human and animal models shows involvement of endothelin in diabetes, retinal circulation, and optic neuropathies. Increased circulating levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) have been found in patients with diabetes, and a positive correlation between plasma ET-1 levels and microangiopathy in patients with type-2 diabetes has been demonstrated. In addition to its direct vasoconstrictor effects, enhanced levels of ET-1 may contribute to endothelial dysfunction through inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production. Experimental studies have shown that chronic ET-1 administration to the optic nerve immediately behind the globe causes neuronal damage, activation of astrocytes, the major glial cell in the anterior optic nerve, and upregulation of endothelin B receptors. This paper outlines the ubiquitous role of endothelin and its potential involvement in ophthalmology. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2010 2011-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3065050/ /pubmed/21461356 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/354645 Text en Copyright © 2010 S. Salvatore and E. M. Vingolo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Salvatore, Serena Vingolo, Enzo Maria Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review |
title | Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review |
title_full | Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review |
title_fullStr | Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review |
title_short | Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review |
title_sort | endothelin-1 role in human eye: a review |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065050/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21461356 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/354645 |
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