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Ultrasonography of the reticulum in 30 healthy Saanen goats

BACKGROUND: The reticulum plays a crucial role in the ruminant digestive tract because the primary cycle of rumen motility always starts with a reticular contraction. In contrast to cattle, there are only few results on the ultrasonographic examination of the reticulum in goats. Therefore, it was th...

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Autores principales: Braun, Ueli, Jacquat, Désirée
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3068116/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21401932
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-53-19
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author Braun, Ueli
Jacquat, Désirée
author_facet Braun, Ueli
Jacquat, Désirée
author_sort Braun, Ueli
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The reticulum plays a crucial role in the ruminant digestive tract because the primary cycle of rumen motility always starts with a reticular contraction. In contrast to cattle, there are only few results on the ultrasonographic examination of the reticulum in goats. Therefore, it was the goal of the present study, to describe the results of ultrasonography of the reticulum of 30 healthy Saanen goats. METHODS: Ultrasonography was carried out on standing, non-sedated animals using a 5.0 MHz linear transducer. The shape, contour and motility of the reticulum were investigated. A nine-minute video recording of the reticulum was made for each goat and the frequency, duration and amplitude of reticular contractions were calculated as described for cattle. RESULTS: The reticulum appeared as a crescent-shaped structure with a smooth contour located immediately adjacent to the diaphragm. 0.8 to 2.1 (1.41 ± 0.31) reticular contractions were seen per minute. In all goats, biphasic reticular contractions were observed. 90% of the goats also had monophasic reticular contractions, and two had triphasic contractions. During the nine-minute observation periods, there were 0 to 6 monophasic reticular contractions and 6 to 15 biphasic contractions per goat. The duration of the biphasic contractions was 6.56 ± 0.74 s, which was significantly longer than the monophasic contractions at 4.31 ± 0.81 s. The average interval between two reticular contractions was 45.06 ± 12.57 s. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography of the reticulum in goats is a valuable tool to characterise the appearance and motility of this organ. In addition to the biphasic motility pattern seen in cattle the reticular motility of goats is characterized by monophasic reticular contractions. The results of the present study are an important contribution for better understanding of the reticular motility in goats.
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spelling pubmed-30681162011-03-31 Ultrasonography of the reticulum in 30 healthy Saanen goats Braun, Ueli Jacquat, Désirée Acta Vet Scand Research BACKGROUND: The reticulum plays a crucial role in the ruminant digestive tract because the primary cycle of rumen motility always starts with a reticular contraction. In contrast to cattle, there are only few results on the ultrasonographic examination of the reticulum in goats. Therefore, it was the goal of the present study, to describe the results of ultrasonography of the reticulum of 30 healthy Saanen goats. METHODS: Ultrasonography was carried out on standing, non-sedated animals using a 5.0 MHz linear transducer. The shape, contour and motility of the reticulum were investigated. A nine-minute video recording of the reticulum was made for each goat and the frequency, duration and amplitude of reticular contractions were calculated as described for cattle. RESULTS: The reticulum appeared as a crescent-shaped structure with a smooth contour located immediately adjacent to the diaphragm. 0.8 to 2.1 (1.41 ± 0.31) reticular contractions were seen per minute. In all goats, biphasic reticular contractions were observed. 90% of the goats also had monophasic reticular contractions, and two had triphasic contractions. During the nine-minute observation periods, there were 0 to 6 monophasic reticular contractions and 6 to 15 biphasic contractions per goat. The duration of the biphasic contractions was 6.56 ± 0.74 s, which was significantly longer than the monophasic contractions at 4.31 ± 0.81 s. The average interval between two reticular contractions was 45.06 ± 12.57 s. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography of the reticulum in goats is a valuable tool to characterise the appearance and motility of this organ. In addition to the biphasic motility pattern seen in cattle the reticular motility of goats is characterized by monophasic reticular contractions. The results of the present study are an important contribution for better understanding of the reticular motility in goats. BioMed Central 2011-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3068116/ /pubmed/21401932 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-53-19 Text en Copyright ©2011 Braun and Jacquat; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research
Braun, Ueli
Jacquat, Désirée
Ultrasonography of the reticulum in 30 healthy Saanen goats
title Ultrasonography of the reticulum in 30 healthy Saanen goats
title_full Ultrasonography of the reticulum in 30 healthy Saanen goats
title_fullStr Ultrasonography of the reticulum in 30 healthy Saanen goats
title_full_unstemmed Ultrasonography of the reticulum in 30 healthy Saanen goats
title_short Ultrasonography of the reticulum in 30 healthy Saanen goats
title_sort ultrasonography of the reticulum in 30 healthy saanen goats
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3068116/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21401932
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-53-19
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