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Optogenetic Long-Term Manipulation of Behavior and Animal Development
Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is widely used for rapid photodepolarization of neurons, yet, as it requires high-intensity blue light for activation, it is not suited for long-term in vivo applications, e.g. for manipulations of behavior, or photoactivation of neurons during development. We used “slow” C...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3080377/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21533086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018766 |
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author | Schultheis, Christian Liewald, Jana Fiona Bamberg, Ernst Nagel, Georg Gottschalk, Alexander |
author_facet | Schultheis, Christian Liewald, Jana Fiona Bamberg, Ernst Nagel, Georg Gottschalk, Alexander |
author_sort | Schultheis, Christian |
collection | PubMed |
description | Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is widely used for rapid photodepolarization of neurons, yet, as it requires high-intensity blue light for activation, it is not suited for long-term in vivo applications, e.g. for manipulations of behavior, or photoactivation of neurons during development. We used “slow” ChR2 variants with mutations in the C128 residue, that exhibit delayed off-kinetics and increased light sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Following a 1 s light pulse, we could photodepolarize neurons and muscles for minutes (and with repeated brief stimulation, up to days) with low-intensity light. Photoactivation of ChR2(C128S) in command interneurons elicited long-lasting alterations in locomotion. Finally, we could optically induce profound changes in animal development: Long-term photoactivation of ASJ neurons, which regulate larval growth, bypassed the constitutive entry into the “dauer” larval state in daf-11 mutants. These lack a guanylyl cyclase, which possibly renders ASJ neurons hyperpolarized. Furthermore, photostimulated ASJ neurons could acutely trigger dauer-exit. Thus, slow ChR2s can be employed to long-term photoactivate behavior and to trigger alternative animal development. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-3080377 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-30803772011-04-29 Optogenetic Long-Term Manipulation of Behavior and Animal Development Schultheis, Christian Liewald, Jana Fiona Bamberg, Ernst Nagel, Georg Gottschalk, Alexander PLoS One Research Article Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is widely used for rapid photodepolarization of neurons, yet, as it requires high-intensity blue light for activation, it is not suited for long-term in vivo applications, e.g. for manipulations of behavior, or photoactivation of neurons during development. We used “slow” ChR2 variants with mutations in the C128 residue, that exhibit delayed off-kinetics and increased light sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Following a 1 s light pulse, we could photodepolarize neurons and muscles for minutes (and with repeated brief stimulation, up to days) with low-intensity light. Photoactivation of ChR2(C128S) in command interneurons elicited long-lasting alterations in locomotion. Finally, we could optically induce profound changes in animal development: Long-term photoactivation of ASJ neurons, which regulate larval growth, bypassed the constitutive entry into the “dauer” larval state in daf-11 mutants. These lack a guanylyl cyclase, which possibly renders ASJ neurons hyperpolarized. Furthermore, photostimulated ASJ neurons could acutely trigger dauer-exit. Thus, slow ChR2s can be employed to long-term photoactivate behavior and to trigger alternative animal development. Public Library of Science 2011-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC3080377/ /pubmed/21533086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018766 Text en Schultheis et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Schultheis, Christian Liewald, Jana Fiona Bamberg, Ernst Nagel, Georg Gottschalk, Alexander Optogenetic Long-Term Manipulation of Behavior and Animal Development |
title | Optogenetic Long-Term Manipulation of Behavior and Animal Development |
title_full | Optogenetic Long-Term Manipulation of Behavior and Animal Development |
title_fullStr | Optogenetic Long-Term Manipulation of Behavior and Animal Development |
title_full_unstemmed | Optogenetic Long-Term Manipulation of Behavior and Animal Development |
title_short | Optogenetic Long-Term Manipulation of Behavior and Animal Development |
title_sort | optogenetic long-term manipulation of behavior and animal development |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3080377/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21533086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018766 |
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