Cargando…
The Neuropharmacology of Implicit Learning
Two decades of pharmacologic research on the human capacity to implicitly acquire knowledge as well as cognitive skills and procedures have yielded surprisingly few conclusive insights. We review the empirical literature of the neuropharmacology of implicit learning. We evaluate the findings in the...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd
2010
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3080593/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21629444 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015910793358178 |
_version_ | 1782202127207104512 |
---|---|
author | Uddén, Julia Folia, Vasiliki Petersson, Karl Magnus |
author_facet | Uddén, Julia Folia, Vasiliki Petersson, Karl Magnus |
author_sort | Uddén, Julia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Two decades of pharmacologic research on the human capacity to implicitly acquire knowledge as well as cognitive skills and procedures have yielded surprisingly few conclusive insights. We review the empirical literature of the neuropharmacology of implicit learning. We evaluate the findings in the context of relevant computational models related to neurotransmittors such as dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and noradrenalin. These include models for reinforcement learning, sequence production, and categorization. We conclude, based on the reviewed literature, that one can predict improved implicit acquisition by moderately elevated dopamine levels and impaired implicit acquisition by moderately decreased dopamine levels. These effects are most prominent in the dorsal striatum. This is supported by a range of behavioral tasks in the empirical literature. Similar predictions can be made for serotonin, although there is yet a lack of support in the literature for serotonin involvement in classical implicit learning tasks. There is currently a lack of evidence for a role of the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems in implicit and related forms of learning. GABA modulators, including benzodiazepines, seem to affect implicit learning in a complex manner and further research is needed. Finally, we identify allosteric AMPA receptors modulators as a potentially interesting target for future investigation of the neuropharmacology of procedural and implicit learning. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-3080593 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2010 |
publisher | Bentham Science Publishers Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-30805932011-06-01 The Neuropharmacology of Implicit Learning Uddén, Julia Folia, Vasiliki Petersson, Karl Magnus Curr Neuropharmacol Article Two decades of pharmacologic research on the human capacity to implicitly acquire knowledge as well as cognitive skills and procedures have yielded surprisingly few conclusive insights. We review the empirical literature of the neuropharmacology of implicit learning. We evaluate the findings in the context of relevant computational models related to neurotransmittors such as dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and noradrenalin. These include models for reinforcement learning, sequence production, and categorization. We conclude, based on the reviewed literature, that one can predict improved implicit acquisition by moderately elevated dopamine levels and impaired implicit acquisition by moderately decreased dopamine levels. These effects are most prominent in the dorsal striatum. This is supported by a range of behavioral tasks in the empirical literature. Similar predictions can be made for serotonin, although there is yet a lack of support in the literature for serotonin involvement in classical implicit learning tasks. There is currently a lack of evidence for a role of the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems in implicit and related forms of learning. GABA modulators, including benzodiazepines, seem to affect implicit learning in a complex manner and further research is needed. Finally, we identify allosteric AMPA receptors modulators as a potentially interesting target for future investigation of the neuropharmacology of procedural and implicit learning. Bentham Science Publishers Ltd 2010-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3080593/ /pubmed/21629444 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015910793358178 Text en ©2010 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), which permits unrestrictive use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Article Uddén, Julia Folia, Vasiliki Petersson, Karl Magnus The Neuropharmacology of Implicit Learning |
title | The Neuropharmacology of Implicit Learning |
title_full | The Neuropharmacology of Implicit Learning |
title_fullStr | The Neuropharmacology of Implicit Learning |
title_full_unstemmed | The Neuropharmacology of Implicit Learning |
title_short | The Neuropharmacology of Implicit Learning |
title_sort | neuropharmacology of implicit learning |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3080593/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21629444 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015910793358178 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT uddenjulia theneuropharmacologyofimplicitlearning AT foliavasiliki theneuropharmacologyofimplicitlearning AT peterssonkarlmagnus theneuropharmacologyofimplicitlearning AT uddenjulia neuropharmacologyofimplicitlearning AT foliavasiliki neuropharmacologyofimplicitlearning AT peterssonkarlmagnus neuropharmacologyofimplicitlearning |