The growth inhibitory effects of cadmium and copper on the MDA-MB468 human breast cancer cells

BACKGROUND: Cadmium chloride is an important occupational and environmental pollutant. However, it can also be anti-carcinogenic under certain conditions. Copper, an essential trace element, has the ability to generate reactive oxygen species and induce cell apoptosis. This study was aimed to determine the growth inhibitory effects of cadmium and copper on the MDA-MB468 human breast cancer cells. METHODS: By using MTT cell viability test, treatment of monolayer cell cultures with different metal concentrations (1-1000 µM) showed a significant dose dependent decrease (p < 0.05) of viable cells in different times. RESULTS: A considerable cytotoxicity was observed for CdCl2 at 200 µM and 1 µM after 48 and 72 hours incubations, respectively. The highest concentration of CuCl2 (1000 µM) had little cytotoxic effects after 48 hours incubation period, but 1 µM of CuCl2 revealed a considerable cytotoxicity after 72 hours. The maximum synergic cytotoxic effect was observed at 0.5 µM of both metals. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that cytotoxic effect of CuCl2 is somehow lesser than that of CdCl2. This may be due to vital role of copper which is not known for cadmium so far.