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The Effectiveness of Tobacco Marketing Regulations on Reducing Smokers’ Exposure to Advertising and Promotion: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey
Exposure to tobacco product marketing promotes the initiation, continuation, and reuptake of cigarette smoking and as a result the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) has called upon member Parties to enact comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promot...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084464/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21556189 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8020321 |
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author | Kasza, Karin A. Hyland, Andrew J. Brown, Abraham Siahpush, Mohammad Yong, Hua-Hie McNeill, Ann D. Li, Lin Cummings, K. Michael |
author_facet | Kasza, Karin A. Hyland, Andrew J. Brown, Abraham Siahpush, Mohammad Yong, Hua-Hie McNeill, Ann D. Li, Lin Cummings, K. Michael |
author_sort | Kasza, Karin A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Exposure to tobacco product marketing promotes the initiation, continuation, and reuptake of cigarette smoking and as a result the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) has called upon member Parties to enact comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promotion. This study examines the immediate and long term effectiveness of advertising restrictions enacted in different countries on exposure to different forms of product marketing, and examines differences in exposure across different socioeconomic status (SES) groups. Nationally representative data from the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and the United States, collected from adult smokers between 2002 and 2008 using the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey (ITC-4), were used in this study (N = 21,615). In light of the specific marketing regulation changes that occurred during the course of this study period, changes in awareness of tobacco marketing via various channels were assessed for each country, and for different SES groups within countries. Tobacco marketing regulations, once implemented, were associated with significant reductions in smokers’ reported awareness of pro-smoking cues, and the observed reductions were greatest immediately following the enactment of regulations. Changes in reported awareness were generally the same across different SES groups, although some exceptions were noted. While tobacco marketing regulations have been effective in reducing exposure to certain types of product marketing there still remain gaps, especially with regard to in-store marketing and price promotions. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-3084464 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-30844642011-05-09 The Effectiveness of Tobacco Marketing Regulations on Reducing Smokers’ Exposure to Advertising and Promotion: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey Kasza, Karin A. Hyland, Andrew J. Brown, Abraham Siahpush, Mohammad Yong, Hua-Hie McNeill, Ann D. Li, Lin Cummings, K. Michael Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Exposure to tobacco product marketing promotes the initiation, continuation, and reuptake of cigarette smoking and as a result the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) has called upon member Parties to enact comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promotion. This study examines the immediate and long term effectiveness of advertising restrictions enacted in different countries on exposure to different forms of product marketing, and examines differences in exposure across different socioeconomic status (SES) groups. Nationally representative data from the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and the United States, collected from adult smokers between 2002 and 2008 using the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey (ITC-4), were used in this study (N = 21,615). In light of the specific marketing regulation changes that occurred during the course of this study period, changes in awareness of tobacco marketing via various channels were assessed for each country, and for different SES groups within countries. Tobacco marketing regulations, once implemented, were associated with significant reductions in smokers’ reported awareness of pro-smoking cues, and the observed reductions were greatest immediately following the enactment of regulations. Changes in reported awareness were generally the same across different SES groups, although some exceptions were noted. While tobacco marketing regulations have been effective in reducing exposure to certain types of product marketing there still remain gaps, especially with regard to in-store marketing and price promotions. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2011-02 2011-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC3084464/ /pubmed/21556189 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8020321 Text en © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kasza, Karin A. Hyland, Andrew J. Brown, Abraham Siahpush, Mohammad Yong, Hua-Hie McNeill, Ann D. Li, Lin Cummings, K. Michael The Effectiveness of Tobacco Marketing Regulations on Reducing Smokers’ Exposure to Advertising and Promotion: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey |
title | The Effectiveness of Tobacco Marketing Regulations on Reducing Smokers’ Exposure to Advertising and Promotion: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey |
title_full | The Effectiveness of Tobacco Marketing Regulations on Reducing Smokers’ Exposure to Advertising and Promotion: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey |
title_fullStr | The Effectiveness of Tobacco Marketing Regulations on Reducing Smokers’ Exposure to Advertising and Promotion: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effectiveness of Tobacco Marketing Regulations on Reducing Smokers’ Exposure to Advertising and Promotion: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey |
title_short | The Effectiveness of Tobacco Marketing Regulations on Reducing Smokers’ Exposure to Advertising and Promotion: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey |
title_sort | effectiveness of tobacco marketing regulations on reducing smokers’ exposure to advertising and promotion: findings from the international tobacco control (itc) four country survey |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084464/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21556189 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8020321 |
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