Genome-Wide Association Study of Genetic Predictors of Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Treatment Efficacy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Identifies Associations with Polymorphisms at Seven Loci

OBJECTIVE: Anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents are successful therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, inadequate response occurs in 30–40% of patients treated. Knowledge of the genetic factors that influence response may facilitate personalized therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic predictors of response to anti-TNF therapy in RA and to validate our findings in independent cohorts. METHODS: Data from genome-wide association (GWA) studies were available from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium for 566 anti-TNF–treated RA patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis of changes in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints at 6 months was conducted at each single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) using an additive model. Associated markers (P < 10(−3)) were genotyped in 2 independent replication cohorts (n = 379 and n = 341), and a combined analysis was performed. RESULTS: Of 171 successfully genotyped markers demonstrating association with treatment response in the GWA data, 7 were corroborated in the combined analysis. The strongest effect was at rs17301249, mapping to the EYA4 gene on chromosome 6: the minor allele conferred improved response to treatment (coefficient −0.27, P = 5.67(−05)). The minor allele of rs1532269, mapping to the PDZD2 gene, was associated with a reduced treatment response (coefficient 0.20, P = 7.37(−04)). The remaining associated SNPs mapped to intergenic regions on chromosomes 1, 4, 11, and 12. CONCLUSION: Using a genome-wide strategy, we have identified and validated the association of 7 genetic loci with response to anti-TNF treatment in RA. Additional confirmation of these findings in further cohorts will be required.