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Flexible Search for Single-Axon Morphology during Neuronal Spontaneous Polarization
Polarization, a disruption of symmetry in cellular morphology, occurs spontaneously, even in symmetrical extracellular conditions. This process is regulated by intracellular chemical reactions and the active transport of proteins and it is accompanied by cellular morphological changes. To elucidate...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2011
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084731/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21559492 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019034 |
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author | Naoki, Honda Nakamuta, Shinichi Kaibuchi, Kozo Ishii, Shin |
author_facet | Naoki, Honda Nakamuta, Shinichi Kaibuchi, Kozo Ishii, Shin |
author_sort | Naoki, Honda |
collection | PubMed |
description | Polarization, a disruption of symmetry in cellular morphology, occurs spontaneously, even in symmetrical extracellular conditions. This process is regulated by intracellular chemical reactions and the active transport of proteins and it is accompanied by cellular morphological changes. To elucidate the general principles underlying polarization, we focused on developing neurons. Neuronal polarity is stably established; a neuron initially has several neurites of similar length, but only one elongates and is selected to develop into an axon. Polarization is flexibly controlled; when multiple neurites are selected, the selection is eventually reduced to yield a single axon. What is the system by which morphological information is decoded differently based on the presence of a single or multiple axons? How are stability and flexibility achieved? To answer these questions, we constructed a biophysical model with the active transport of proteins that regulate neurite growth. Our mathematical analysis and computer simulation revealed that, as neurites elongate, transported factors accumulate in the growth cone but are degraded during retrograde diffusion to the soma. Such a system effectively works as local activation-global inhibition mechanism, resulting in both stability and flexibility. Our model shows good accordance with a number of experimental observations. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-3084731 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-30847312011-05-10 Flexible Search for Single-Axon Morphology during Neuronal Spontaneous Polarization Naoki, Honda Nakamuta, Shinichi Kaibuchi, Kozo Ishii, Shin PLoS One Research Article Polarization, a disruption of symmetry in cellular morphology, occurs spontaneously, even in symmetrical extracellular conditions. This process is regulated by intracellular chemical reactions and the active transport of proteins and it is accompanied by cellular morphological changes. To elucidate the general principles underlying polarization, we focused on developing neurons. Neuronal polarity is stably established; a neuron initially has several neurites of similar length, but only one elongates and is selected to develop into an axon. Polarization is flexibly controlled; when multiple neurites are selected, the selection is eventually reduced to yield a single axon. What is the system by which morphological information is decoded differently based on the presence of a single or multiple axons? How are stability and flexibility achieved? To answer these questions, we constructed a biophysical model with the active transport of proteins that regulate neurite growth. Our mathematical analysis and computer simulation revealed that, as neurites elongate, transported factors accumulate in the growth cone but are degraded during retrograde diffusion to the soma. Such a system effectively works as local activation-global inhibition mechanism, resulting in both stability and flexibility. Our model shows good accordance with a number of experimental observations. Public Library of Science 2011-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC3084731/ /pubmed/21559492 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019034 Text en Naoki et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Naoki, Honda Nakamuta, Shinichi Kaibuchi, Kozo Ishii, Shin Flexible Search for Single-Axon Morphology during Neuronal Spontaneous Polarization |
title | Flexible Search for Single-Axon Morphology during Neuronal Spontaneous Polarization |
title_full | Flexible Search for Single-Axon Morphology during Neuronal Spontaneous Polarization |
title_fullStr | Flexible Search for Single-Axon Morphology during Neuronal Spontaneous Polarization |
title_full_unstemmed | Flexible Search for Single-Axon Morphology during Neuronal Spontaneous Polarization |
title_short | Flexible Search for Single-Axon Morphology during Neuronal Spontaneous Polarization |
title_sort | flexible search for single-axon morphology during neuronal spontaneous polarization |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084731/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21559492 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019034 |
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