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Extension of Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Estimation of Interrelated Age-Period-Cohort Effects on Cancer Survival

In the frame of the Cox proportional hazard (PH) model, a novel two-step procedure for estimating age-period-cohort (APC) effects on the hazard function of death from cancer was developed. In the first step, the procedure estimates the influence of joint APC effects on the hazard function, using Cox...

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Autores principales: Mdzinarishvili, Tengiz, Gleason, Michael X., Kinarsky, Leo, Sherman, Simon
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Libertas Academica 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3085422/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21552491
http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/CIN.S6770
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author Mdzinarishvili, Tengiz
Gleason, Michael X.
Kinarsky, Leo
Sherman, Simon
author_facet Mdzinarishvili, Tengiz
Gleason, Michael X.
Kinarsky, Leo
Sherman, Simon
author_sort Mdzinarishvili, Tengiz
collection PubMed
description In the frame of the Cox proportional hazard (PH) model, a novel two-step procedure for estimating age-period-cohort (APC) effects on the hazard function of death from cancer was developed. In the first step, the procedure estimates the influence of joint APC effects on the hazard function, using Cox PH regression procedures from a standard software package. In the second step, the coefficients for age at diagnosis, time period and birth cohort effects are estimated. To solve the identifiability problem that arises in estimating these coefficients, an assumption that neighboring birth cohorts almost equally affect the hazard function was utilized. Using an anchoring technique, simple procedures for obtaining estimates of interrelated age at diagnosis, time period and birth cohort effect coefficients were developed. As a proof-of-concept these procedures were used to analyze survival data, collected in the SEER database, on white men and women diagnosed with LC in 1975–1999 and the age at diagnosis, time period and birth cohort effect coefficients were estimated. The PH assumption was evaluated by a graphical approach using log-log plots. Analysis of trends of these coefficients suggests that the hazard of death from LC for a given time from cancer diagnosis: (i) decreases between 1975 and 1999; (ii) increases with increasing the age at diagnosis; and (iii) depends upon birth cohort effects. The proposed computing procedure can be used for estimating joint APC effects, as well as interrelated age at diagnosis, time period and birth cohort effects in survival analysis of different types of cancer.
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spelling pubmed-30854222011-05-06 Extension of Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Estimation of Interrelated Age-Period-Cohort Effects on Cancer Survival Mdzinarishvili, Tengiz Gleason, Michael X. Kinarsky, Leo Sherman, Simon Cancer Inform Methodology In the frame of the Cox proportional hazard (PH) model, a novel two-step procedure for estimating age-period-cohort (APC) effects on the hazard function of death from cancer was developed. In the first step, the procedure estimates the influence of joint APC effects on the hazard function, using Cox PH regression procedures from a standard software package. In the second step, the coefficients for age at diagnosis, time period and birth cohort effects are estimated. To solve the identifiability problem that arises in estimating these coefficients, an assumption that neighboring birth cohorts almost equally affect the hazard function was utilized. Using an anchoring technique, simple procedures for obtaining estimates of interrelated age at diagnosis, time period and birth cohort effect coefficients were developed. As a proof-of-concept these procedures were used to analyze survival data, collected in the SEER database, on white men and women diagnosed with LC in 1975–1999 and the age at diagnosis, time period and birth cohort effect coefficients were estimated. The PH assumption was evaluated by a graphical approach using log-log plots. Analysis of trends of these coefficients suggests that the hazard of death from LC for a given time from cancer diagnosis: (i) decreases between 1975 and 1999; (ii) increases with increasing the age at diagnosis; and (iii) depends upon birth cohort effects. The proposed computing procedure can be used for estimating joint APC effects, as well as interrelated age at diagnosis, time period and birth cohort effects in survival analysis of different types of cancer. Libertas Academica 2011-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC3085422/ /pubmed/21552491 http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/CIN.S6770 Text en © the author(s), publisher and licensee Libertas Academica Ltd. This is an open access article. Unrestricted non-commercial use is permitted provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Methodology
Mdzinarishvili, Tengiz
Gleason, Michael X.
Kinarsky, Leo
Sherman, Simon
Extension of Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Estimation of Interrelated Age-Period-Cohort Effects on Cancer Survival
title Extension of Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Estimation of Interrelated Age-Period-Cohort Effects on Cancer Survival
title_full Extension of Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Estimation of Interrelated Age-Period-Cohort Effects on Cancer Survival
title_fullStr Extension of Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Estimation of Interrelated Age-Period-Cohort Effects on Cancer Survival
title_full_unstemmed Extension of Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Estimation of Interrelated Age-Period-Cohort Effects on Cancer Survival
title_short Extension of Cox Proportional Hazard Model for Estimation of Interrelated Age-Period-Cohort Effects on Cancer Survival
title_sort extension of cox proportional hazard model for estimation of interrelated age-period-cohort effects on cancer survival
topic Methodology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3085422/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21552491
http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/CIN.S6770
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