Efficacy of Combination Use of Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor with Penicillin and Fluoroquinolones for Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Transrectal Prostate Biopsy

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC) plus levofloxacin (LVFX) as a prophylactic administration in transrectal prostate biopsy (TPBX). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated 201 consecutive patients who underwent TPBX in one Japanese hospital during the period of 2009-2010. The patients received TAZ/PIPC 4.5 g i.v. once just before and 3 hours after TPBX, plus oral LVFX 300 mg or 500 mg daily for 3 days. We examined the infectious adverse events and laboratory data (serum white blood cell [WBC] count and C-reactive protein [CRP]) before and 1 day after TPBX. RESULTS: Only one patient (0.50%) in 201 cases had febrile complications after TPBX. Serum WBC and CRP did not rise significantly on the day after TPBX compared with before TPBX (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the rise of serum WBC and CRP before and after TPBX in the comparison of LVFX 500 mg with LVFX 300 mg in the TAZ/PIPC plus LVFX regimen. CONCLUSIONS: TAZ/PIPC plus LVFX can be considered as a prophylactic regimen for preventing infectious complications in TPBX.