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Oxidative Stress in Lead and Cadmium Toxicity and Its Amelioration
Oxidative stress has been implicated to play a role, at least in part, in pathogenesis of many disease conditions and toxicities in animals. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and free radicals beyond the cells intrinsic capacity to neutralize following xenobiotics exposure leads to a state o...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research
2011
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087445/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21547215 http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/457327 |
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author | Patra, R. C. Rautray, Amiya K. Swarup, D. |
author_facet | Patra, R. C. Rautray, Amiya K. Swarup, D. |
author_sort | Patra, R. C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Oxidative stress has been implicated to play a role, at least in part, in pathogenesis of many disease conditions and toxicities in animals. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and free radicals beyond the cells intrinsic capacity to neutralize following xenobiotics exposure leads to a state of oxidative stress and resultant damages of lipids, protein, and DNA. Lead and cadmium are the common environmental heavy metal pollutants and have widespread distribution. Both natural and anthropogenic sources including mining, smelting, and other industrial processes are responsible for human and animal exposure. These pollutants, many a times, are copollutants leading to concurrent exposure to living beings and resultant synergistic deleterious health effects. Several mechanisms have been explained for the damaging effects on the body system. Of late, oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the lead- and cadmium-induced pathotoxicity. Several ameliorative measures to counteract the oxidative damage to the body system aftermath or during exposure to these toxicants have been assessed with the use of antioxidants. The present review focuses on mechanism of lead- and cadmium-induced oxidate damages and the ameliorative measures to counteract the oxidative damage and pathotoxicity with the use of supplemented antioxidants for their beneficial effects. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-3087445 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-30874452011-05-05 Oxidative Stress in Lead and Cadmium Toxicity and Its Amelioration Patra, R. C. Rautray, Amiya K. Swarup, D. Vet Med Int Review Article Oxidative stress has been implicated to play a role, at least in part, in pathogenesis of many disease conditions and toxicities in animals. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and free radicals beyond the cells intrinsic capacity to neutralize following xenobiotics exposure leads to a state of oxidative stress and resultant damages of lipids, protein, and DNA. Lead and cadmium are the common environmental heavy metal pollutants and have widespread distribution. Both natural and anthropogenic sources including mining, smelting, and other industrial processes are responsible for human and animal exposure. These pollutants, many a times, are copollutants leading to concurrent exposure to living beings and resultant synergistic deleterious health effects. Several mechanisms have been explained for the damaging effects on the body system. Of late, oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the lead- and cadmium-induced pathotoxicity. Several ameliorative measures to counteract the oxidative damage to the body system aftermath or during exposure to these toxicants have been assessed with the use of antioxidants. The present review focuses on mechanism of lead- and cadmium-induced oxidate damages and the ameliorative measures to counteract the oxidative damage and pathotoxicity with the use of supplemented antioxidants for their beneficial effects. SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research 2011-03-20 /pmc/articles/PMC3087445/ /pubmed/21547215 http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/457327 Text en Copyright © 2011 R. C. Patra et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Patra, R. C. Rautray, Amiya K. Swarup, D. Oxidative Stress in Lead and Cadmium Toxicity and Its Amelioration |
title | Oxidative Stress in Lead and Cadmium Toxicity and Its Amelioration |
title_full | Oxidative Stress in Lead and Cadmium Toxicity and Its Amelioration |
title_fullStr | Oxidative Stress in Lead and Cadmium Toxicity and Its Amelioration |
title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Stress in Lead and Cadmium Toxicity and Its Amelioration |
title_short | Oxidative Stress in Lead and Cadmium Toxicity and Its Amelioration |
title_sort | oxidative stress in lead and cadmium toxicity and its amelioration |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087445/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21547215 http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/457327 |
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